Hisonotus

Hisonotus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Species of Hisonotus and Curculionichthys are the only representatives of the subfamily Otothyrinae having serrae on the posterior edge of the pectoral fin spine.^[1] These species are small fishes, generally found in small fast flowing streams, where they grasp to the branches and leaves of aquatic or subaquatic plants.^[2] The species of this genus mostly occur in Atlantic coastal streams of southern Brazil and the Paraguay-Paraná system of southern South America.^[3] They are also distributed in the Río de La Plata basin and coastal rivers of southeastern Brazil.^[2]

Hisonotus
Hisonotus paulinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Siluriformes
Family:	Loricariidae
Tribe:	Otothyrini
Genus:	Hisonotus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
Type species
Hisonotus notatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889

Taxonomy

Hisonotus and Microlepidogaster have, until recently, been considered as synonymous, although they are now recognized as separate and valid taxa.^[4] In the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses, both Hisonotus and Parotocinclus are relatively basal taxa within the Otothyrini clade.^[3]

Species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus:^[5]

• Hisonotus aky (Azpelicueta, Casciotta, Almirón & Koerber, 2004)
• Hisonotus alberti Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, Waltz & J. E. García-Melo, 2016^[6]
• Hisonotus armatus T. P. Carvalho, Lehmann A., E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2008
• Hisonotus bocaiuva Roxo, G. S. C. Silva, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013^[7]
• Hisonotus brunneus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus carreiro T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus charrua Almirón, Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Litz, 2006
• Hisonotus depressicauda (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus depressinotus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
• Hisonotus devidei (Roxo, Silva & Melo, 2018)^[8]
• Hisonotus francirochai (Ihering (pt), 1928)
• Hisonotus heterogaster T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus hungy Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007^[9]
• Hisonotus iota T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus laevior Cope, 1894
• Hisonotus leucofrenatus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908)
• Hisonotus leucophrys T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus maculipinnis (Regan, 1912)
• Hisonotus megaloplax T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus montanus T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2009
• Hisonotus nigricauda (Boulenger, 1891)
• Hisonotus notatus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889^[10]
• Hisonotus notopagos T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus pachysarkos Zawadzki, Roxo & da Graça, 2016^[11]
• Hisonotus paulinus (Regan, 1908)
• Hisonotus prata T .P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011
• Hisonotus ringueleti Aquino, Schaefer & Miquelarena, 2001
• Hisonotus taimensis (Buckup, 1981)
• Hisonotus thayeri Martins & Langeani, 2016^[10]
• Hisonotus vespuccii Roxo, G. S. C. Silva & C. de Oliveira, 2015^[12]
• Hisonotus vireo T. P. Carvalho & R. E. dos Reis, 2011