IRF3

Interferon regulatory factor 3, also known as IRF3, is an interferon regulatory factor.^[5]

IRF3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3QU6, 1J2F, 1QWT, 1T2K, 1ZOQ, 2O61, 2O6G, 2PI0, 3A77, 5JEO, 5JEK, 5JER, 5JEM, 5JEL, 5JEJ
Identifiers
Aliases	IRF3, entrez:3661, IIAE7, interferon regulatory factor 3
External IDs	OMIM: 603734; MGI: 1859179; HomoloGene: 1208; GeneCards: IRF3; OMA:IRF3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.33 Start 49,659,569 bp[1] End 49,665,875 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7|7 B3 Start 44,647,072 bp[2] End 44,652,272 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte right uterine tube mucosa of transverse colon spleen right lobe of thyroid gland canal of the cervix left lobe of thyroid gland anterior pituitary lymph node ectocervix Top expressed in neural layer of retina spermatocyte lip granulocyte tibiofemoral joint thymus yolk sac right kidney crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine vestibular membrane of cochlear duct More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein homodimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription coregulator activity DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein binding protein domain specific binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific sequence-specific DNA binding identical protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component cytoplasm nucleoplasm nucleus cytosol Biological process apoptotic process positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway macrophage apoptotic process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated response to bacterium response to exogenous dsRNA positive regulation of interferon-alpha production MDA-5 signaling pathway interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway immune system process negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to dsRNA transcription, DNA-templated cellular response to DNA damage stimulus TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway response to lipopolysaccharide defense response to virus type I interferon signaling pathway positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling negative regulation of type I interferon production programmed necrotic cell death viral process cellular response to lipopolysaccharide positive regulation of type I interferon production lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of interferon-beta production innate immune response regulation of type I interferon production positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of defense response to virus by host regulation of gene expression regulation of inflammatory response cellular response to exogenous dsRNA positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3661 54131 Ensembl ENSG00000126456 ENSMUSG00000003184 UniProt Q14653 P70671 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001197122 NM_001197123 NM_001197124 NM_001197125 NM_001197126 NM_001197127 NM_001197128 NM_001571 NM_016849 RefSeq (protein) NP_001184051 NP_001184052 NP_001184053 NP_001184054 NP_001184055 NP_001184056 NP_001184057 NP_001562 NP_001184053.1 NP_001184056.1 NP_001184057.1 NP_058545 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 49.66 – 49.67 Mb Chr 7: 44.65 – 44.65 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family.^[5] IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2. IRF3 has been further characterized and shown to contain several functional domains including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain and several regulatory phosphorylation sites.^[6] IRF3 is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP.^[7] The complex translocates into the nucleus for the transcriptional activation of interferons alpha and beta, and further interferon-induced genes.^[8]

IRF3 plays an important role in the innate immune system's response to viral infection.^[9] Aggregated MAVS have been found to activate IRF3 dimerization.^[10] A 2015 study shows phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING and TRIF at a conserved pLxIS motif recruits and specifies IRF3 phosphorylation and activation by the Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1, thereby activating the production of type-I interferons.^[11] Another study has shown that IRF3-/- knockouts protect from myocardial infarction.^[12] The same study identified IRF3 and the type I IFN response as a potential therapeutic target for post-myocardial infarction cardioprotection.^[12]

Signaling pathway of toll-like receptors. Dashed grey lines represent unknown associations

Interactions

IRF3 has been shown to interact with IRF7.^[13]