Interleukin-12 subunit beta

Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as IL-12B, natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40, or interleukin-12 subunit p40)^[5] is a protein subunit that in humans is encoded by the IL12B gene. IL-12B is a common subunit of interleukin 12 and interleukin 23.

IL12B
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1F42, 1F45, 3D85, 3D87, 3DUH, 3HMX, 3QWR, 4GRW, 4OE8, 4OG9
Identifiers
Aliases	IL12B, CLMF, CLMF2, IL-12B, IMD28, NKSF, NKSF2, IMD29, Interleukin 12 subunit beta, interleukin 12B
External IDs	OMIM: 161561; MGI: 96540; HomoloGene: 1648; GeneCards: IL12B; OMA:IL12B - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5q33.3 Start 159,314,780 bp[1] End 159,330,863 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 B1.1|11 25.94 cM Start 44,290,890 bp[2] End 44,304,860 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad lymph node pituitary gland appendix tibialis anterior muscle anterior pituitary rectum gallbladder human kidney olfactory zone of nasal mucosa Top expressed in embryo lumbar subsegment of spinal cord thymus tracheobronchial tree tibiofemoral joint spleen trachea right kidney gastrula carotid body More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity interleukin-23 receptor binding protein homodimerization activity interleukin-12 receptor binding protein binding identical protein binding protein heterodimerization activity interleukin-12 alpha subunit binding cytokine receptor activity growth factor activity cytokine receptor binding cytokine binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane interleukin-12 complex interleukin-23 complex extracellular region extracellular space endoplasmic reticulum lumen cytosol late endosome lumen cell surface external side of plasma membrane receptor complex Biological process positive regulation of cell adhesion negative regulation of interleukin-10 production negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation positive regulation of inflammatory response sexual reproduction positive regulation of interleukin-12 production positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process defense response to Gram-negative bacterium positive regulation of interleukin-10 production positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity natural killer cell activation positive regulation of natural killer cell activation positive regulation of interferon-gamma production positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment response to organic substance positive regulation of NK T cell activation positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation natural killer cell activation involved in immune response cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus defense response to virus positive regulation of tissue remodeling positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production positive regulation of T cell proliferation positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation cellular response to interferon-gamma positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production T-helper 1 type immune response sensory perception of pain response to UV-B positive regulation of interleukin-17 production cellular response to lipopolysaccharide negative regulation of interleukin-17 production T-helper cell differentiation cell migration positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation defense response to protozoan positive regulation of defense response to virus by host positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway cell population proliferation regulation of signaling receptor activity T-helper 1 cell cytokine production cytokine-mediated signaling pathway interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3593 16160 Ensembl ENSG00000113302 ENSMUSG00000004296 UniProt P29460 P43432 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002187 NM_008352 NM_001303244 RefSeq (protein) NP_002178 NP_001290173 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 159.31 – 159.33 Mb Chr 11: 44.29 – 44.3 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kDa cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kDa subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children.^[5]

Role as IL-23 subunit

Interleukin-12 p40 also serves as a subunit of interleukin 23.^[6]