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Jiangyin
County-level city in Jiangsu, People's Republic of China From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jiangyin (simplified Chinese: 江阴; traditional Chinese: 江陰; pinyin: Jiāngyīn; Wade–Giles: Chiangyin, Jiangyin dialect: [kɐ̞ŋ.jɪŋ]) is a county-level city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River. It is administered by the Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Jiangyin is an important transport hub on the Yangtze River and one of the most developed counties in China. It had 1,595,138 inhabitants in the 2010 census. The city is part of the Jiangyin-Zhangjiagang-Jingjiang metropolitan area, which has 3,526,260 inhabitants.
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Etymology
Jiangyin's name means "River Shade", from its location on the southern, shady bank of the Yangtze River.
History
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Jiangyin has a long history. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was part of the territory known as Yanling and served as the fiefdom of Ji Zha of Wu. Later, it became the estate of Lord Chunshen (Huang Xie) during the Warring States era. For these reasons, Jiangyin has historically been referred to as the "Ancient City of Yanling" (延陵古邑) and the "Old Domain of Chunshen" (春申旧封). Historical records indicate that Jiangyin has over 2,500 years of documented history.[1][2] Jiangyin was initially a township of Yanling (延陵; later known as Piling, 毗陵) county. Since the township was located north of Ji Lake, it was given the name "Jiyang" (暨陽). In 281, it was promoted to a county of the Piling commandery. In 558, the northwestern part was separated from Lanling county (Wujin and its surrounding areas) to create Jiangyin county. It served as the seat of the Jiangyin commandery, with the same jurisdiction of the modern city, until the commandery was dissolved in 589. It was elevated to jun (military prefecture) status during the Southern Tang, until being restored as a county of Changzhou in 1071. It developed into an important port for overseas trade and a Maritime Trade Supervisory (市舶提擧司) was established to manage it in 1145. The county became a zhou (smaller prefecture) during the Yuan dynasty, but was reduced to county status again in 1367.[3]
In 1472, a sandbank in the Yangtze River was made independent from Jiangyin county to establish Jingjiang county.[4] In 1645, draconian enforcement of the decree ordering adoption of the Manchu style of hair and dress sparked resistance among the local Han Chinese. After the Qing ultimatum to "lose your hair or lose your head", they held the walled city against Qing sieges under a magistrate Yan Yingyuan(閻應元) 's leadership.[5]
Following the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, the province of Jiangsu declared independence from the Qing dynasty. The new revolutionary government abolished the traditional administrative division of "prefectures" (府), and Jiangyin County became directly subordinate to the provincial authorities of Jiangsu Province.[6]
In 1941, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Chinese Communist Party and its affiliated New Fourth Army established four county-level governments within and around the territory of Jiangyin: Jiangyin County, Chengdong County (also known as Yuxi), Chengxi County, and Shazhou County.[7]
On April 22, 1949, Jiangyin came under the administration of the Changzhou Special District (常州专区) within the Southern Jiangsu Administrative Office (苏南行署) after the founding of the People's Republic of China. On February 6, 1953, it was transferred to the Suzhou Special District (苏州专区). In 1961 (officially approved on November 29, 1957 and implemented on December 1, 1961), nine communes in the northeastern part of Jiangyin County were reassigned to form the new Shazhou County (now Zhangjiagang City).[8]
On January 18, 1983, Jiangsu Province implemented a "municipal-over-county" administrative system reform, under which Jiangyin County became administratively subordinate to the prefecture-level city of Wuxi.[9]
On 23 April 1987, the State Council of China approved Jiangyin's designation as a county-level city.[10]
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Administrative divisions
Currently, Jiangyin City has 5 subdistricts and 11 towns.[11]
- 5 subdistricts
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- 11 towns
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Transport
Rail
Jiangyin Train Ferry Line is the only one train line that remains across the Yangtze River. It is a part of the Xinyi–Changxing Railway.[12]
A new high-speed railway line has been constructed [13] that links Jiangyin directly to both Shanghai and Nanjing. Furthermore, it is connected to Wuxi by an extension to the existing Wuxi Metro.
Natural Conditions
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Geography
Jiangyin is located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, China, between 31°40′34″ and 31°57′36″ north latitude, and 119°00′00″ to 120°34′30″ east longitude. It lies at the northern end of the Yangtze River Delta and the 太湖平原. The city is situated north of the Yangtze River, facing Jingjiang across the river; to the south, it borders Taihu Lake and is adjacent to urban districts of Wuxi (Xishan District and Huishan District); to the west it neighbors Changzhou, and to the east, it connects to Zhangjiagang and Changshu under the jurisdiction of Suzhou. Located in the geometric center of the "Golden Triangle" formed by Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou, Jiangyin has convenient transportation and has historically served as an important transportation hub between northern and southern China, as well as a natural port for integrated river-sea transport and transshipment along the Yangtze River.[14][15]
Climate
Jiangyin has a humid subtropical climate influenced by the East Asian monsoon, characterized by cold, dry, and mostly clear winters, and hot, humid summers with thunderstorms. It features mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and distinct four seasons. The annual average precipitation is 1060.4 millimeters, with a maximum recorded of 1914.4 mm in 1991 and a minimum of 581.8 mm in 1978. The average annual temperature is 15.8°C, with the highest average temperature recorded at 17.6°C in 2007 and the lowest at 14.5°C in 1957. The highest temperature recorded was 41.3°C on August 6, 2013, and the lowest was -14.2°C on January 31, 1977. The average annual sunshine duration is approximately 2029 hours.[18]
Geology
Land subsidence refers to the lowering of the ground surface over a certain area. Jiangyin is classified as a water-quality-related water-scarce region. Due to the overexploitation of underground water resources, the groundwater level in Jiangyin has gradually declined, resulting in a large underground "cone of depression." This condition significantly increases the risk of land subsidence. In some local areas, cumulative subsidence has reached over 1 meter. Geological hazards such as ground fissures and surface collapse have also occurred, especially in Changjing Town, Xiake Town, and surrounding areas. Currently, with the implementation of strict measures such as banning deep wells and groundwater extraction, as well as the construction of regional water treatment plants and water supply pipe networks, land subsidence and other geological hazards have been effectively curbed.[19][20]
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Urban Population
By the end of 2019, Jiangyin had a household-registered population of 1,264,100 and a permanent resident population of 1,653,400. That year saw 8,733 live births (birth rate: 6.93‰) and 8,340 deaths (death rate: 6.62‰), resulting in a natural growth rate of 0.31‰. The average life expectancy in the city reached 82.32 years.[21][22]
According to the Seventh National Population Census (as of November 1, 2020), Jiangyin had a permanent resident population of 1,779,515, comprising 920,161 males (51.71%) and 859,354 females (48.29%).[23]
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Economy
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Gross Domestic Product
In 2022, Jiangyin reported a total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of ¥475.418 billion, representing a year-on-year growth of 2.3%. The per capita GDP reached ¥266,600.
The value-added by sector was as follows:
- Primary industry: ¥3.96 billion (up 1.6%)
- Secondary industry: ¥247.363 billion (up 2.0%)
- Tertiary industry: ¥224.095 billion (up 2.5%)
The ratio of the three sectors was 0.8:52.0:47.2. A total of 67,000 job opportunities were created during the year, with 30,300 new urban jobs and 5,735 reemployed individuals from urban disadvantaged groups. The surveyed urban unemployment rate was kept around 5%.
In support of entrepreneurship, 9,600 individuals started their own businesses, generating employment for 30,000 people. Government subsidies for entrepreneurship totaled ¥10.75 million, and guaranteed loans for entrepreneurship reached ¥31.93 million.
By the end of 2022, Jiangyin had 256,181 registered domestic market entities (up 5.5%), including 85,973 enterprises (up 3.9%) and 169,626 individual businesses (up 6.4%). Among enterprises, 3,845 were state- or collectively-owned, and 82,128 were private enterprises. The city also had 582 registered farmers' cooperatives.[24]
Fiscal Revenue
By the end of 2022, Jiangyin's general public budget revenue totaled ¥22.683 billion. After accounting for VAT rebates, this represented a 6.8% decline year-on-year. Tax revenue reached ¥17.868 billion, down 8.6% under comparable conditions. General public budget expenditure was ¥24.459 billion, marking a 9.0% decrease from the previous year.
The balance of domestic and foreign currency deposits in financial institutions reached ¥537.522 billion, a 14.7% increase compared to the beginning of the year. Total loans stood at ¥424.991 billion, up 11.0%.
Among deposits, non-financial corporate deposits reached ¥246.272 billion (up 16.4%), and household deposits reached ¥214.711 billion (up 21.5%). On the lending side, loans to non-financial enterprises and government institutions amounted to ¥340.168 billion (up 11.8%), while household loans totaled ¥83.968 billion (up 7.8%).
As of the end of the year, Jiangyin had 447,400 securities accounts, up 5.4% from the beginning of the year. The total transaction volume by securities institutions was ¥1.1144 trillion, down 13.1%. The city was home to 59 listed companies, including 21 listed overseas and 38 listed domestically. Among the domestic listings, 16 were on the Shanghai Main Board, 13 on the Shenzhen Main Board, and 9 on the ChiNext Market.
Jiangyin recorded ¥8.993 billion in total insurance premiums, a 3.8% increase year-on-year. Of this, property insurance premiums accounted for ¥2.620 billion (up 4.9%), and life insurance premiums amounted to ¥6.372 billion (up 3.3%).[25]
Industry and Construction
Jiangyin has a strong industrial foundation. Its industrial development began with traditional handicrafts during the Ming dynasty, was shaped by domestic capitalism in the late Qing dynasty, and surged after China's Reform and Opening-up in 1978 with the rise of township and village enterprises. The city benefited from three key phases: (1) the rise of grassroots industry in the early reform era, (2) the large-scale development of Shanghai’s Pudong area in the 1990s, and (3) the Jiangsu Riverside Development Strategy and export-driven economy of the early 2000s.
In 2022, the total operating income of industries above designated size in Jiangyin reached ¥670.7 billion, a decrease of 4.7%. The product sales rate was 96.7%, down 1.5 percentage points. Total industrial profits reached ¥43.248 billion, an increase of 8.4%. Loss-making enterprises accounted for 17.8% of all above-scale enterprises, up 3.1 percentage points from the previous year, and total losses increased by ¥1.53 billion to ¥3.801 billion.
Out of 19 key products tracked, 8 saw production growth. Total electricity consumption for industrial use was 23.099 billion kWh, a 7.1% decrease.
The city’s top 100 industrial enterprises achieved ¥433.063 billion in revenue and ¥35.098 billion in profits, accounting for 64.5% and 81.2% of above-scale industrial totals, respectively. Two enterprise groups—Hailan Group and CITIC Pacific Special Steel—recorded tax-based sales exceeding ¥100 billion. Two others—New Changjiang Industrial Group and Sanfangxiang Group—exceeded ¥50 billion, and four more—including Jiangsu Sunshine Group, Shuangliang Group, Envision Energy, and Huaxi Group—exceeded ¥30 billion.
In 2022, the total output value of the construction industry reached ¥12.431 billion, growing by 7.5%. The city earned one Jiangsu Province “Yangtze Cup” Quality Project award, 13 Wuxi “Taihu Cup” Quality Project awards, and 2 “Taihu Cup” awards for municipal infrastructure. Additionally, there were 19 provincial-level star-rated construction sites and 3 outstanding residential projects recognized by the province.[26]
Agriculture
In 2022, Jiangyin's total grain output reached 130,900 tonnes, an increase of 0.3%. Of this, cereals accounted for 124,300 tonnes, up 0.2%. The total vegetable output was 393,000 tonnes, a slight increase of 0.1%, while fruit production reached 74,084 tonnes, down 0.4%.
The grain cultivation area was 19.14 thousand hectares, increasing by 0.13 thousand hectares compared to the previous year. The vegetable planting area was 12.27 thousand hectares, down by 0.01 thousand hectares, and the fruit planting area decreased by 0.06 thousand hectares to 2.51 thousand hectares.
In terms of animal husbandry, 25,200 pigs were slaughtered during the year, a decrease of 9.7%, and pork production was 1,984 tonnes, down 10.3%. The dairy cow inventory rose to 995 heads, up 42.3%, with milk output totaling 3,709 tonnes, an increase of 25.2%. Aquatic product output reached 20,169 tonnes, up by 0.5%.[27]
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Notable people
- Li Jinjun, Chinese (PRC) Ambassador to North Korea (DPRK) (from 2015)
- Liu Bannong (1891–1934) - writer
- Liu Tianhua (1895–1932) - musician and composer
- Miao Quansun (缪荃孙) (1844–1919) - Academic, catalog writer, bibliophile, founder of modern Chinese librarianship
- Shangguan Yunzhu - movie star
- Xu Xiake (1587–1641) - noted traveller and geographer
- Yu Minhong - Chairman and President of New Oriental Education & Technology Group
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See also
Notes
References
External links
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