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Julien Lahaut
Belgian politician (1884–1950) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Julien-Victor Lahaut (6 September 1884 – 18 August 1950) was a Belgian politician and communist activist who served as president of the Communist Party of Belgium from 1945 to 1950. An important figure during the German occupation of 1940–44, he became a vocal advocate for the abolition of the Belgian monarchy during the post-war Royal Question. His assassination in August 1950, at the height of the crisis, was linked to anti-communist and royalist elements inside the Belgian intelligence services by a team of historians in 2015;[1] however, the murder remains officially unsolved.
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Political background
During the First World War, Lahaut served in the Belgian army and was part of the Belgian Expeditionary Corps in Russia, fighting on the Eastern Front along with Imperial Russian forces.[2] After his return to Belgium, he joined the new Communist Party of Belgium. He soon became a Communist deputy and was later the party's chairman. He was particularly vocal in his republican sympathies.
During the German occupation of Belgium (1940–44), as the head of the Communist Party, Lahaut led the Strike of the 100,000 in May 1941 and was arrested. After failing to escape from captivity in the Citadel of Huy, he was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp. Although suffering considerable health effects, he was still alive when the camp was liberated by the Allies in 1945.
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Royal Question and assassination
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The aftermath of the Liberation of Belgium saw a prolonged period of political crisis, known as the Royal Question, over whether King Leopold III, who was living in exile due to his decision to surrender to Nazi Germany in 1940, could return to his position as monarch. The crisis came to a head in 1950, when Leopold returned to Belgium, but quickly had to let his son Baudouin assume royal duties. (He would abdicate in Baudouin’s favour a year later.)
On 11 August 1950, Baudouin took the constitutional oath as regent before a joint session of both chambers of Parliament. During the proceedings, one of the communist deputies present shouted “Vive la république !” (“Long Live the republic!”). Lahaut was reported to have been the deputy responsible, though in the confusion of the moment this remains unconfirmed. A week later, on 18 August 1950, Lahaut was assassinated by two unknown gunmen outside his home in Seraing.
Coming at the end of the constitutional crisis, Lahaut's death caused widespread outrage, especially in left-wing circles. Strikes were organized all over the country, while 300,000 people attended his funeral. The Communist Party newspaper Le Drapeau rouge carried the headline: “A monstrous crime! Our dear comrade Julien Lahaut, leader of the Communist Party, was assassinated last night by the Leo-Rexists".[note 1][3]
Identification of the perpetrators
François Goossens, an insurance agent with Leopoldist leanings from Halle, was later identified as one of the murderers, although it remained uncertain whether he fired the actual shots.[4] Goossens was tracked and anonymously implied in a 1985 research work by Etienne Verhoeyen and Rudi Van Doorslaer of the CegeSoma.[5] In 2002, senator Vincent Van Quickenborne publicly revealed the true identity of Goossens.[1]: 239
In 2007, an episode of the television programme Keerpunt on the chain Canvas featured Eugeen Devillé, an elderly man from Halle, who stated that he had personally partaken in the murder of Lahaut. According to Devillé, there had been four perpetrators: himself (25 at the time), his brother Alex (30), their brother-in-law Jan Hamelrijck (24) and the aforementioned François Goossens (40). He also claimed to have been the person firing the fatal shots.[6][1]: 244–245
On 19 July 2012, the Senate agreed to consider a legal proposal to extend funding for a historical study on the assassination.[7][8] On 17 August 2012, the minister Paul Magnette announced a federal contribution of €320,000 to the study.[9][10][11]
Involvement of André Moyen
In 2015, another team of historians at the CegeSoma (this time under the supervision of Emmanuel Gerard) linked the murder to anti-communist and royalist elements inside the General Information and Security Service. While agreeing that Goossens, the Devillé brothers and Hamelrijck were the direct perpetrators, they pointed to André Moyen as a key figure in the stay-behind network that Goossens and his accomplices worked for. This clandestine intelligence group had direct ties to the official police services. Moyen was furthermore supported by prominent Belgian corporations and financial institutions including the Société Générale, the Union Minière and Brufina.[1]: 283–291 His network was allowed to set up its headquarters free of charge in a building owned by the Union Minière in the center of Brussels, and intelligence reports by Moyen were shared both with the official military intelligence services and with the companies that supported him.[1]: 199–201
The researchers uncovered a secret August 1950 note from Moyen (shared with minister Albert de Vleeschauwer among others). In it, he defends the "execution" of Lahaut as a "necessary measure" because the Belgian government was supposedly not taking sufficient action against the perceived fifth column which the communists constituted. The researchers state that Moyen was implementing a strategy of tension as he hoped that violence and instability would lead to the creation of an authoritarian right-wing regime.[1]: 249–254 However, Moyen had already died in 2008 and no one was ever put on trial for the murder.
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Legacy and popular culture
In 1951 editorial cartoonist André Jacquemotte drew a biographical comic strip about Julien Lahaut's life, which ran in the magazine Jeunesse Belgique.[12]
The left-wing playwright Jean Louvet authored a play about Lahaut's assassination entitled L'homme qui avait le soleil dans sa poche (lit. 'The Man who had the Sun in his Pocket') which was published in 1982.
A similar incident to Lahaut's 1950 intervention happened in 1993 when Baudouin’s brother and successor Albert II took the oath: libertarian politician Jean-Pierre Van Rossem shouted “Vive la république d'Europe, vive Julien Lahaut!” (“Long live the republic of Europe, long live Julien Lahaut!”).[13]
See also
Notes
- "Leo-Rexists" is a hybrid of "Leopoldist" (supporter of Leopold III) and "Rexist" (member of a pro-Nazi collaborationist party in Belgium during World War II)
References
Sources
External links
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