KLRG1

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRG1 gene.^{[5][6][7][8][9]}

KLRG1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3FF7
Identifiers
Aliases	KLRG1, 2F1, CLEC15A, MAFA, MAFA-2F1, MAFA-L, MAFA-LIKE, killer cell lectin like receptor G1
External IDs	OMIM: 604874; MGI: 1355294; HomoloGene: 4244; GeneCards: KLRG1; OMA:KLRG1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p13.31 Start 8,950,044 bp[1] End 9,010,760 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6 F1|6 57.52 cM Start 122,247,555 bp[2] End 122,259,841 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte testicle blood gonad epithelium of colon lymph node spleen mucosa of ileum tibialis anterior muscle ganglionic eminence Top expressed in gastrula blood decidua embryo right ventricle tibiofemoral joint right lung facial motor nucleus lymph node spleen More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding carbohydrate binding signaling receptor activity Cellular component plasma membrane membrane integral component of membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Biological process innate immune response inflammatory response immune system process cellular defense response cell surface receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10219 50928 Ensembl ENSG00000139187 ENSMUSG00000030114 UniProt Q96E93 O88713 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001329099 NM_001329101 NM_001329102 NM_001329103 NM_005810 NM_016970 RefSeq (protein) NP_001316028 NP_001316030 NP_001316031 NP_001316032 NP_005801 NP_058666 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 8.95 – 9.01 Mb Chr 6: 122.25 – 122.26 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Studies in mice suggested that the expression of this gene may be regulated by MHC class I molecules.^[9]

KLRG1 is a lymphocyte co-inhibitory, or immune checkpoint, receptor expressed predominantly on late-differentiated effector and effector memory CD8+ T and NK cells. Its ligands are E-cadherin and N-cadherin with similar affinities,^[10] respective markers of epithelial and mesenchymal cells.^[11] Targeting of other co-inhibitory receptors for applications in oncology has gained widespread interest^[12][13][14] (e.g., CTLA-4, PD-1, and its ligand PD-L1). Unlike the obvious enhanced immune activation present in CTLA-4 and PD-1 gene knockout mice,^[15][16] KLRG1 knockout mice initially were found to have no abnormal features,^[17] though were subsequently found to have enhanced immunity in a tuberculosis challenge model.^[18]

The characterization of KLRG1 as a “senescent” marker, but other co-inhibitory receptors as “exhaustion” markers,^[19][20][21] has contributed to relatively fewer studies on this molecule.