Kalashnikov rifle

Kalashnikov rifles (Russian: Автоматы Калашникова), also known as the AK platform, AK rifles, or simply the AK, are a family of assault rifles based on Mikhail Kalashnikov's original design. They are officially known in Russian as avtomat Kalashnikova (Russian: автомат Калашникова, lit. 'Kalashnikov's automatic [rifle]'), and informally as kalash in Russian. They were originally manufactured in the Soviet Union by Kalashnikov Concern (formerly Izhmash). Rifles similar to the Kalashnikov and its Soviet variants were later produced in many countries friendly to the Soviet Bloc, with rifles based on its design such as the Galil ACE and the INSAS also being produced. The Kalashnikov is one of the most widely used firearms in the world, with an estimated 72 million rifles in global circulation.^[1][2][3]

The Kalashnikov assault rifle 1974 model by Izhmash, Russia (AK-74)

The logo that is currently being used by Kalashnikov Concern to represent its series of AK-branded rifles.

List of AK rifles

The original Kalashnikov rifles and their derivatives, as produced in the Soviet Union and later the Russian Federation.^[4][5]

Rifles derived directly from the original AK

The rifle's simple design makes it easy to produce, and the Soviet Union readily leased plans of the firearm to friendly countries, where it could be produced locally at a low cost.^[2] As a result, the Kalashnikov rifles and their variants have been manufactured in many countries, with and without licenses. Manufacturing countries in alphabetical order include:

Country	Variant(s)
Albania	Automatiku Shqiptar 1978 model 56 (ASH-78 Tip-1) copy of Type 56 based on AK-47 rifle; Tipi 1982 model (ASH-82) copy of AKS-47; model 56 Tip-2, copy of RPK; and model 56 Tip-3. Several other versions of the AKMS have been produced mainly with short barrels similar to Soviet AKS-74U for special forces, tank & armored crew and for helicopter pilots and police. There have also been modified ASh-82 (AKMS) with SOPMOD accessories, mainly for Albania's special forces RENEA & exports.[6]
Armenia	K-3 (bullpup, 5.45×39mm)
Azerbaijan	Khazri (AK-74M)[7]
Bangladesh	Chinese Type 56
Bulgaria	AKK/AKKS (Type 3 AK-47/w. side-folding buttstock); AKKMS (AKMS), AKKN-47 (fittings for NPSU night sights); AK-47M1 (Type 3 with black polymer furniture); AK-47MA1/AR-M1 (same as -M1, but in 5.56mm NATO); AKS-74M1 (AKMS in 5.56×45mm NATO); AKS-74S (AK-74M1, short version, with East German folding stock, laser aiming device); AKS-74UF (short version of -M1, Russian folding stock), AR-SF (same as −74UF, but 5.56mm NATO); AKS-93SM6 (similar to −74M1, cannot use grenade launcher); RKKS (RPK), AKT-74 (.22 rimfire training rifle)
Cambodia	Chinese Type 56, Soviet AK, and AKM
China	Type 56
Croatia	APS-95
Cuba	AKM[8]
East Germany[9]	MPi-K/MPi-KS (AK/AKS); MPi-KM (AKM, wooden and plastic stock); MPi-KMS-72 (side-folding stock); MPi-KMS-K (carbine); MPi-AK-74N (AK-74); MPi-AKS-74N (side-folding stock); MPi-AKS-74NK (carbine); KK-MPi Mod.69 (.22 LR select-fire trainer)
Egypt	AK, Misr assault rifle (AKM), Maadi
Ethiopia	AK, AK-103 (manufactured locally at the State-run Gafat Armament Engineering Complex as the Et-97/1)[10]
Finland	RK 62, (7.62×39mm) RK 95 TP, (7.62×39mm) improvements including a fire control selector and a muzzle device that enabled the firing of rifle grenades, the attachment of a silencer, or bayonet
Hungary[11]	AK-55 (domestic manufacture of the 2nd Model AK); AKM-63 (also known as AMD-63 in the US; modernized AK-55), AMD-65M (modernized AKM-63, shorter barrel and side-folding stock), AMP-69 (rifle grenade launcher); AK-63F/D (other name AMM/AMMSz), AK-63MF (modernized); NGM-81 (5.56×45mm NATO; fixed and under-folding stock)
Iran	KLS/KLF (AK-47/AKS), KLT (AKMS)
Iraq	Tabuk Sniper Rifle, Tabuk Assault Rifle (with fixed or underfolding stock, outright clones of Yugoslavian M70 rifles series), Tabuk Short Assault Rifle
Nigeria	Produced by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria as OBJ-006[12][13]
North Korea	Type 58A/B (Type 3 AK/w. stamped steel folding stock), Type 68A/B (AKM/AKMS), Type 88 (AKS-74)[14][15]
Pakistan	Khyber Pass copies (near the border of Afghanistan); PK-10;[16]
Poland[17]	pmK (kbk AK) / pmKS (kbk AKS) (name has changed from pmK – "pistolet maszynowy Kałasznikowa", Kalashnikov SMG to the kbk AK – "karabinek AK", Kalashnikov Carbine in mid-1960s) (AK/AKS); kbkg wz. 1960 (rifle grenade launcher), kbkg wz. 1960/72 (modernized); kbk AKM / kbk AKMS (AKM/AKMS); kbk wz. 1988 Tantal (5.45×39mm), skbk wz. 1989 Onyks (compact carbine); kbs wz. 1996 Beryl (5.56×45mm), kbk wz. 1996 Mini-Beryl (compact carbine)
Romania	PM md. 63/65 (AKM/AKMS), PM md. 80, PM md. 90, collectively exported under the umbrella name AIM or AIMS; PA md. 86 (AK-74), exported as the AIMS-74; PM md. 90 short barrel, PA md. 86 short barrel, exported as the AIMR; PSL (designated marksman rifle; other names PSL-54C, Romak III, FPK and SSG-97)
Sudan	MAZ[18] (based on the Type 56)
Turkey	SAR 15T/308(V2) is a locally produced and modernized version of the platform by defense contractor Sarsilmaz (Sarsılmaz Silah Sanayi A.Ş.).[19][20]
Ukraine	Vepr (bullpup, 5.45×39mm), Malyuk (bullpup)[21]
United States	PSAK-47 GF3 rifle(7.62×39mm), PSAK-47 GF4 rifle(7.62×39mm), PSAK-47 GF5 rifle(7.62×39mm),Soviet Arms Krink rifle(5.56x45mm), PSA AK-556 rifle(5.56x45mm), PSAK-74 rifle(5.45x39mm), PSA AK Type 56 rifle(7.62×39mm).Produced by Palmetto State Armory.[22] US132 rifle (7.62×39mm), US132Z assault rifle (7.62×39mm), US109L shotgun (12 gauge) & US109T shotgun (12 gauge). Produced by Kalashnikov USA.[23][24][25]
Vietnam	AKM-1, AKM-VN (AKM) assault rifle, TUL-1 (RPK) light machine gun, Galil ACE 31/32 assault rifle, STV series
Venezuela	AK-103[26] / License granted to Venezuela[27]
Yugoslavia/Serbia	M64, M70, M72, M76, M77, M80, M82, M85, M90, M91, M92, M99, M21

Similar rifles

The following rifles were either based on the Kalashnikov design, or have a different design but are superficially similar in appearance:

• FARA 83 (Argentina)
• BD-08 (Bangladesh)
• AR-M1 (Bulgaria)
• Type 56, Type 81 (China)
• Vz. 58 (Czechoslovakia)
• RK 62 (also called Valmet M76, Rk 62 76 or M62/76), Valmet M78 (light machine gun), RK 95 TP (Finland)
• AK-63, AMD-65 (Hungary)
• INSAS rifle (India)
• IMI Galil, IWI ACE (Israel)
• Bernardelli VB-STD/VB-SR (Italy)
• FB Beryl, FB Tantal (Poland)
• Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 (Romania)
• Zastava M70 (Serbia, Yugoslavia)
• Zastava M21 (Serbia)
• Vektor R4, Truvelo Raptor (South Africa)
• MPi-KM (East Germany)
• MPi-KMS-72 (East Germany)

Comparative characteristics of AK rifles

Name	Country	Type	Cartridge	Length extended/folded (mm)	Barrel length (mm)	Weight (kg) (empty)	Cyclic rate of fire (rounds per minute)	Maximum sighting range (m)	Muzzle velocity (m/s)
AK-47	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	870	415	3.47	600	800	715
AKM	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	880	415	3.1	600	1,000	715
RPK(s)	Soviet Union	Light machine gun	7.62×39mm M43	1040/820	590	4.80/5.6	600	1,000	745
PK(M)	Soviet Union	General-purpose machine gun	7.62×54mmR	1173	605	9.0/7.5	650	1,500	825
AK-74	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	943	415	3.07	600	1,000	900
AKS-74	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	933/690	415	2.97	600	1,000	900
AK-74M	Soviet Union	Assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	943/705	415	3.4	650	1,000	900
RPK-74	Soviet Union	Light machine gun	5.45×39mm M74	1060	590	4.7	600	1,000	960
AKS-74U	Soviet Union	Carbine assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	730/490	207	2.7	700	500	735
AK-101	Russia	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	943/700	415	3.6	600	1,000	910
AK-102	Russia	Carbine assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	824/586	314	3.0	600	500	850
AK-103	Russia	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	943/705	415	3.4	600	1,000	715
AK-104	Russia	Carbine assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	824/586	314	3.0	600	500	670
AK-105	Russia	Carbine assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	824/586	314	3.2	600	500	840
AK-107	Russia	Assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	943/700	415	3.8	850	1,000	900
AK-108	Russia	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	943/700	415	3.8	900	1,000	910
AK-109	Russia	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	943/700	415	3.8	900	1,000	750
AK-9	Russia	Assault rifle	9×39mm	705/465	200	3.1/3.8 (with suppressor)	600	400	290 (СП-5) / 305 (СП-6)
AK-12	Russia	Assault rifle	5.45×39mm M74	940/730	415	3.3	700	1,000	900
AK-15	Russia	Assault rifle	7.62×39mm M43	922/862	415	3.5	700	1,000	715
AK-19	Russia	Assault rifle	5.56×45mm NATO	935/725	415	3.35	700	1,000	910
AK-308	Russia	Assault rifle	7.62×51mm NATO	885-945/695	415	4.3	700	800

In the United States

The Kalashnikov weapon design has become increasingly more popular in the American firearms industry. There are specific competitive shooting matches that require the use of its weapon variants like the Red Oktober match held just outside of St. George, Utah. It is a match designed for the use of ComBloc style weapons, but the Kalashnikov design is extremely heavy within the participants' arsenals.^[28]

See also

• AK-100 (rifle family)
• PBS-1 silencer