Kukkuzi dialect

The Kukkuzi dialect or Kukkusi dialect (Куровицы) is a dialect of Votic spoken in Kukkuzi [ru].^[2] The Kukkuzi dialect has been heavily influenced by Ingrian.^[3]

Kukkuzi
Native to	Russia
Region	Ingria
Native speakers	3 (2006)[1] possibly extinct
Language family	Uralic Finnic Votic and/or Ladogan Kukkuzi
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	vot_kuk
Glottolog	kukk1240  Kukkuzi
Kukkuzi

There exists a recording session of the Kukkuzi dialect, which was made in 2008–2012.^[4] A Kukkuzi dialect dictionary has been made in 1980.^[5] The Kukkuzi dialect has been declared to be dead since the 1970s,^[2] however three speakers were located in 2006.^[1]

Classification

According to E.B. Markus the Kukkuzi dialect has Ingrian-like vocabulary and phonetics, while containing Votic grammar which is a result of an incomplete language switch to Ingrian.^[6] However some linguists have claimed that it is a dialect of Ingrian^[7] and some classify it as a mixed language^[8] In the past Kukkuzi has also sometimes been classified as a Finnish dialect.^[9]

According to Tiit-Rein Viitso, the Kukkuzi dialect was originally a Northern Finnic dialect (related to Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian and Veps) that was influenced by Votic and later the Lower Luga dialect of Ingrian.^[10][11]

Phonology

• The sound ⟨õ⟩ exists in Votic but is absent in the Kukkuzi dialect.^[12]
• Some other features of the Kukkuzi dialect are the absence of the sound changes ⟨k⟩ > ⟨tš⟩ and s > ťś.^[13]
• The sound k sometimes becomes k' after a front vowel.^{[14][clarification needed]}

Samples

tässä müü vassa ensimmäissä kertaa kuulimma, että müü oomma neitä vad'd'alaisiita.^[13]

'here we just for the first time heard, that we are Votians.'

lehmääk'ää 'with a cow'.^[14]