LEFTY2

Left-right determination factor 2 (Lefty2) aka TGFB4 is a protein that is encoded by the LEFTY2 gene in humans. ^[5]

LEFTY2
Identifiers
Aliases	LEFTY2, EBAF, LEFTA, LEFTYA, TGFB4, left-right determination factor 2
External IDs	OMIM: 601877; MGI: 2443573; HomoloGene: 2434; GeneCards: LEFTY2; OMA:LEFTY2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q42.12 Start 225,936,598 bp[1] End 225,941,383 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1|1 H4 Start 180,720,673 bp[2] End 180,726,668 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in decidua body of uterus Epithelium of choroid plexus myometrium sperm left ovary canal of the cervix Descending thoracic aorta testicle ascending aorta Top expressed in mesoderm lateral plate mesoderm embryo epiblast Gonadal ridge embryo neural plate primitive streak inner cell mass paraxial mesoderm More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function transforming growth factor beta receptor binding cytokine activity growth factor activity Cellular component extracellular matrix extracellular region platelet alpha granule lumen extracellular space collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process multicellular organism development regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation cell growth platelet degranulation regulation of MAPK cascade transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway SMAD protein signal transduction cell development BMP signaling pathway regulation of signaling receptor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7044 320202 Ensembl ENSG00000143768 ENSMUSG00000066652 UniProt O00292 P57785 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001172425 NM_003240 NM_177099 RefSeq (protein) NP_001165896 NP_003231 NP_796073 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 225.94 – 225.94 Mb Chr 1: 180.72 – 180.73 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Lefty2 is a protein from the TGF-beta cytokine family of proteins and is sometimes referred to as TGFB-4.^[6][7] It is secreted and plays a role in left-right asymmetry determination of organ systems during development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with left-right axis malformations, particularly in the heart and lungs.

Lefty2 is also sometimes referred to as Endometrial Bleeding-Associated Factor (EBAF).^[6] Some types of infertility have been associated with dysregulated expression of this gene in the endometrium and the protein may play a role in endometrial bleeding.

Alternative processing of this protein can yield three different products. This gene is closely linked to both a related family member and a related pseudogene.