Legislature XIV of Italy

The Legislature XIV of Italy (Italian: XIV Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) started on 30 May 2001 and ended on 27 April 2006.^[1][2] Its composition resulted from the general election of 13 May 2001. The election was called by President Ciampi, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 8 March 2001.^[3] The legislature ended after its natural course of five years, soon after the houses were dissolved again by Ciampi on 11 February 2006.^[4]

Legislature XIV of Italy XIV legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
14th legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic
History
Founded	30 May 2001 (2001-05-30)
Disbanded	27 April 2006 (2006-04-27) (4 years, 332 days)
Preceded by	XIII Legislature
Succeeded by	XV Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Marcello Pera, Forza Italia since 30 May 2001
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Pier Ferdinando Casini, UDC since 31 May 2001
Structure
Seats	C: 610 S: 315 + 5
Chamber of Deputies political groups	FI (167)   DS–L'Ulivo (129)   AN (94)   Daisy–L'Ulivo (80)   UDC (38)   LN (26)   PRC (12)   Mixed (64)
Senate political groups	FI (76)   DS–L'Ulivo (64)   AN (46)   Daisy–L'Ulivo (35)   UDC (30)   LN (17)   Aut. (10)   FdV–L'Unione (10)   Mixed (34)
Elections
Chamber of Deputies voting system	Scorporo
Senate voting system	Scorporo
Last general election	13 May 2001
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
leg14.camera.it www.senato.it/Leg14/home
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

The election leading to the composition of this legislature was characterized by the use of decoy lists ("liste civetta") by both major coalitions (the House of Freedoms and the Olive Tree), in order to "de facto" turn the scorporo (partially compensatory) system implemented by the electoral law into a parallel voting system.^[5] In the case of the House of Freedoms, this tactic was so effective that Forza Italia did not have enough candidates for the seats that had won, missing out on 12 seats.^[6]

Government

Prime Minister			Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
				Took office	Left office
		Silvio Berlusconi (b. 1936)	Forza Italia	11 June 2001	23 April 2005	Berlusconi II	FI • AN • LN • CCD • CDU (House of Freedoms)
				23 April 2005	17 May 2006	Berlusconi III	FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI (House of Freedoms)

Composition

Chamber of Deputies

The number of elected deputies was 613. Although the total number of seats was of 630, at the start of the legislation it was not possible to assign the remaining 17 seats (distributed between the House of Freedoms and The Daisy) because of missing candidates in the electoral lists. Some of these seats were assigned later during the legislature.^[7]

• President: Pier Ferdinando Casini (UDC), elected on 31 May 2001
• Vice Presidents: Alfredo Biondi (FI), Publio Fiori (Mixed), Fabio Mussi (DS – L'Ulivo), Clemente Mastella (Mixed – UDEUR)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies

Initial composition[8]					Final composition[8]
Parliamentary group			Seats		Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
	Forza Italia		178			Forza Italia		167	11
	Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree		137			Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree		129	8
	National Alliance		99			National Alliance		94	5
	The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree		80			The Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree		80
	CCD – CDU White Flower		40			UDC Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU)		38	2
	Lega Nord Padania		30			Lega Nord Padania Federation		26	4
						Communist Refoundation		12	12
	Mixed		49			Mixed		64	15
		Italian Communists	9				Italian Communists	10	1
		Linguistic Minorities	5				Linguistic Minorities	5
		Communist Refoundation	11						11
		New PSI	3						3
							Populars – UDEUR	11	11
							The Rose in the Fist	11	11
							Greens – The Union	7	7
							Liberal Democrats – Republicans – New PSI	6	6
							Democratic Ecologists	4	4
							MRE – European Republicans Movement	3	3
		Non inscrits	21				Non inscrits	7	14
Total seats			613		Total seats			610	3

Senate

The number of elected senators was 315. At the beginning of the legislature there were nine life senators (Giovanni Leone, Francesco Cossiga and Oscar Luigi Scalfaro as former Presidents, and the nominated life senators Carlo Bo, Norberto Bobbio, Gianni Agnelli, Giulio Andreotti, Francesco De Martino and Paolo Emilio Taviani). After the death of Leone, Bo, Bobbio, Agnelli, De Martino and Taviani, and the nomination of the new life senators Rita Levi-Montalcini, Emilio Colombo, Mario Luzi (who died in February 2005), Giorgio Napolitano and Sergio Pininfarina, the total number of senators at the end of the legislature was of 320.

• President: Marcello Pera (FI), elected on 30 May 2001
• Vice Presidents: Roberto Calderoli (LN) until 20 July 2004, Domenico Fisichella (AN, then Mixed), Cesare Salvi (DS – L'Ulivo), Lamberto Dini (The Daisy), Francesco Moro (LN) from 29 September 2004

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic

Initial composition[9]					Final composition[10]
Parliamentary group			Seats		Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
	Forza Italia		82			Forza Italia		76	6
	Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree		65			Democrats of the Left – The Olive Tree		64	1
	National Alliance		45			National Alliance		46	1
	Daisy		43			Daisy – DL – The Olive Tree		35	8
	CCD – CDU: White Flower		29			Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (CCD – CDU)		30	1
	Lega Nord Padania		17			Lega Nord Padania		17
	For the Autonomies		10			For the Autonomies		10
	Greens – The Olive Tree		10			Greens – The Union		10
	Mixed		23			Mixed		34	11
		Italian Democratic Socialists	6				Rose in the Fist	6
		Communist Refoundation	4				Communist Refoundation	4
		Party of Italian Communists	2				Party of Italian Communists	2
		Freedom and Justice for the Olive Tree	1				Il Cantiere	2	1
		League for Lombard Autonomy	1				League for Lombard Autonomy	1
		New PSI	1				New PSI	1
		Italian Republican Party	1				Italian Republican Party	1
		MS – Tricolour Flame	1				MSI – Tricolour Flame	1
		Lombard Territory Movement	1						1
							Populars UDEUR	5	5
							Italy of Values	2	2
							House of Freedoms	1	1
							Christian Democracy for Autonomies	1	1
		Non inscrits	5				Non inscrits	7	2
Total seats			324		Total seats			320	4

Senators for Life

Senator	Motivation	Appointed by	From	Till
Giovanni Leone	Former president of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	9 November 2001 (deceased)
Carlo Bo	Merits in the literary field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	21 July 2001 (deceased)
Norberto Bobbio	Merits in the social and scientific field	President Sandro Pertini	Previous legislature	9 January 2004 (deceased)
Gianni Agnelli	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	Previous legislature	24 January 2003 (deceased)
Giulio Andreotti	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Francesco De Martino	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	Previous legislature	18 November 2002 (deceased)
Paolo Emilio Taviani	Merits in the social field	President Francesco Cossiga	Previous legislature	18 June 2001 (deceased)
Francesco Cossiga	Former president of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro	Former president of Italy	ex officio	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Rita Levi Montalcini	Merits in the social and scientific field	President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	1 August 2001	Next legislature
Emilio Colombo	Merits in the social field	President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	14 January 2003	Next legislature
Mario Luzi	Merits in the literary field	President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	14 October 2004	28 February 2005 (deceased)
Giorgio Napolitano	Merits in the social field	President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	23 September 2005	Next legislature
Sergio Pininfarina	Merits in the social field	President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	23 September 2005	Next legislature