Lehali language

Lehali (previously known as Teqel) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 200 people, on the west coast of Ureparapara Island in Vanuatu.^[1] It is distinct from Löyöp, the language spoken on the east coast of the same island.

Lehali
Loli
Pronunciation	[lɔli]
Native to	Vanuatu
Region	Ureparapara
Native speakers	200 (2010)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Oceanic Southern Oceanic North-Central Vanuatu North Vanuatu Torres-Banks Lehali
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tql
Glottolog	leha1243
ELP	Lehali
Lehali is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

A speaker of Lehali, recorded in Vanuatu.^[2]

Name

The language is named after the village where it is spoken, natively referred to as Loli [lɔli]. The name Lehali does not have any etymological value, other than being a corruption of the native name.^{[citation needed]}

Phonology

Lehali phonemically contrasts 16 consonants and 10 vowels.^[3]

Consonants

Lehali consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Dorsal	Labialized velar	Glottal
Nasal		m ⟨m⟩	n ⟨n⟩	ŋ ⟨n̄⟩	ŋʷ ⟨n̄w⟩
Stop	voiceless	p ⟨p⟩	t ⟨t⟩	k ⟨k⟩	kʷ ⟨q⟩
	prenasalized		ⁿd ⟨d⟩
Fricative		β ⟨v⟩	s ⟨s⟩	ɣ ⟨g⟩		h ⟨h⟩
Approximant			l ⟨l⟩	j ⟨y⟩	w ⟨w⟩

Vowels

The 10 vowel phonemes are all short monophthongs /i ɪ ɛ æ ə a ɒ̝ ɔ ʊ u/:^[4][3]

Lehali vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ⟨i⟩		u ⟨u⟩
Near-close	ɪ ⟨ē⟩	ə ⟨ë⟩	ʊ ⟨ō⟩
Open-mid	ɛ ⟨e⟩		ɔ ⟨o⟩
Near-open	æ ⟨ä⟩		ɒ̝ ⟨ö⟩
Open	a ⟨a⟩

Historical phonology

The ⟨y⟩ /j/ phoneme originates in a former trill *r: e.g. /-jɔ/ < POc *rua 'two'.^[5] Lehali shares that particular sound change with its neighbors Löyöp, Volow, and Mwotlap.

Grammar

The system of personal pronouns in Lehali contrasts clusivity, and distinguishes four numbers (singular, dual, trial, plural).^[6]

Spatial reference in Lehali is based on a system of geocentric (absolute) directionals, which is in part typical of Oceanic languages, and yet innovative.^[7]