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List of French inventions and discoveries

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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France has made numerous contributions to scientific and technological development throughout its history. Royal patronage during the Kingdom era, coupled with the establishment of academic institutions, fostered early scientific inquiry. The 18th-century Enlightenment, characterized by its emphasis on reason and empirical observation, propelled the progress.[1]:8–9 While the French Revolution caused periods of instability, it spurred developments such as the standardization of the metric system.[2]:24–29 Pioneering contributions include the work of Nicéphore Niépce and Louis Daguerre in photography, advancements in aviation by figures like Clément Ader, foundational research in nuclear physics by Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie, and in immunology by Louis Pasteur. This list showcases notable examples.

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Arts and entertainment

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100s engraving French Roulette
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A scene from A Trip to the Moon (1902) by Georges Méliès
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Chemistry

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Appert canning jar
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Neon sign
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Physics, mathematics and measure

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The Foucault pendulum in the Panthéon, Paris
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Comparison of De Moivre's approximation with the factorial; the formula is now known as Stirling's approximation.
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Optical pumping of a laser rod (bottom) with an arc lamp (top). Red: hot. Blue: cold. Green: light. Non-green arrows: water flow. Solid colors: metal. Light colors: fused quartz. Refs: , [usurped],
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Medicine and biology

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Modern stethoscope
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Insulin pump, showing an infusion set loaded into spring-loaded insertion device
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Transportation

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A model of the Montgolfier brothers' balloon at the London Science Museum
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Air France Concorde in 1977
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Clothing

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Polo shirt outline
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Food and cooking

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Denis Papin's steam digester
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Baguette
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Weapons and military

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Early-19th century socket bayonet
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Communication and computers

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A Chappe semaphore tower near Saverne, France
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Minitel
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Technology

Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville earliest sound recording device.

Sports

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The Olympic rings, the symbol of the modern Olympic Games, inspired by Pierre de Coubertin
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Miscellaneous

See also

References

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