List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors

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Soon after the formation of the Soviet Union, emigration restrictions were put in place to keep citizens from leaving the various republics of the USSR,[1] though some defections still occurred. During and after World War II, similar restrictions were put in place in non-Soviet countries of the Eastern Bloc,[2] which consisted of the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe (except for non-aligned Yugoslavia).[3][4]

Until 1952, however, the Inner German border between East and West Germany could be easily crossed in most places.[5] Accordingly, before 1961, most of that east–west flow took place between East and West Germany, with over 3.5 million East Germans emigrating to West Germany before 1961.[6][7] On August 13, 1961, a barbed-wire barrier, which would become the Berlin Wall separating East and West Berlin, was erected by East Germany.[8]

Although international movement was, for the most part, strictly controlled, there was a steady loss through escapees who were able to use ingenious methods to evade frontier security.[9] Numerous notable Eastern Bloc citizens defected to non-Eastern Bloc countries.[10]

The following list of Eastern Bloc defectors contains notable defectors from East Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Albania before those countries' conversions from communist states in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

List of defections

More information Defector, Profession/ Prominence ...
Defections violating emigration restrictions of the Eastern Bloc countries
Defector Profession/
Prominence
Birthplace Year Notes
George BalanchineChoreographerRussia1924Defected during a tour of Germany to the Weimar Republic
Boris BazhanovPolitburo secretaryUkraine, Russian Empire1928Defected to France via Iran and India
Georges AgabekovOGPUTurkmenistan1930Defected in France; led the manhunt for Boris Bazhanov before defecting
Grigol RobakidzeAuthorGeorgia1930Defected to Germany; primarily known for his exotic prose and anti-Soviet émigré activities
Tatiana TchernavinWriterRussia1932Fled from the USSR with her husband Vladimir V. Tchernavin and her son Andrei through Karelia to Finland and then to the United Kingdom. She and her son visited her husband in a gulag prison, before fleeing together. She wrote a book about their experience: Escape from the Soviets and her husband wrote another: I Speak For the Silent Prisoners of the Soviets.
George GamowPhysicistUkraine1933First tried to kayak across the Black Sea; defected in Brussels, Belgium; later discovered alpha decay via quantum tunneling
Ignace ReissNKVDAustria-Hungary1937Former spy of Soviet intelligence services; assassinated by the NKVD
Walter KrivitskyNKVDAustria-Hungary1937Defected in Paris after the assassination of Reiss; apparent suicide in the United States in 1941 may have been an NKVD assassination
Alexander OrlovNKVDBelarus1938Fled while stationed in Spain to avoid execution in the Great Purge
Genrikh LyushkovNKVDUkraine, Russian Empire1938Crossed the border into Manchukuo with secret documents; family arrested and sent to the gulag, where several died
Aron SheinmanDirector of the London department of IntouristPoland, Russian Empire1939Was recalled from London, refused to return to the USSR
Abdurakhman AvtorkhanovAuthorRussia1942Sent to infiltrate anti-Soviet Chechens; he joined them instead
Nasreddin Murat-KhanArchitect/engineerRussia1944Fled to evade religious persecution. Defected in Berlin, Germany; then to Pakistan in 1950 where he was given refuge and citizenship. In honour of his new home, Pakistan; he designed and constructed the Minar-e-Pakistan in Lahore, which stands as a national symbol of the country to this day. He also constructed the Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore and Nishtar Medical University in Multan.
Victor KravchenkoEngineerUkraine1944Soviet engineer who witnessed the horrors of the Holodomor; defected while serving in the Soviet Purchasing Agency in Washington, D.C., in the U.S.
G. M. DimitrovPoliticianBulgaria1945Saved from execution by the U.S. ambassador; later founded anti-communist organisations
Fedir BohatyrchukChess player, medical doctorUSSR1945Former Soviet chess champion who eventually immigrated to Canada, where he became a professor of medicine and resumed his competitive chess
Géza FüsterChess playerHungary1945Defected through East Berlin with friend Pal Benko who was caught and jailed for three years
Igor GouzenkoGRURussia1945Defected in Ottawa, Canada; helped uncover communist spy rings
Konstantin VolkovNKVDRussia1945Deputy head of the NKVD in Istanbul, Turkey; contacted the British consulate about defection, was arrested by the Soviets, and disappeared forever (possibly executed)
Valeri Tihonovitch MinakovRussia1945Escaped from Siberia across the Bering Sea in a small boat with his 6-year-old son Oleg. He was assisted by Yupik of Savoonga and Gambell on St. Lawrence Island. Shortly afterward, 14 Siberians arrived for "a visit" and questioned inhabitants whether they had seen a "white Russian".[11]
Anatoli GranovskyMGB agentUkraine, Russian Empire1946Defected in Stockholm, Sweden and later wrote an autobiography
Grigori TokatyScientist and politicianOssetia1947Secretly worked with an underground opposition group in the USSR. Afraid that his ties to the underground would be discovered, he defected to the British Sector of Occupied Berlin, and arrived in the UK in 1947. He later worked in the Information Research Department, helping disseminate anti-communist propaganda.[12]
Jan ČepWriterCzechoslovakia1948Defected to France; poet friend who stayed behind was jailed for 13 years for "anti-socialist thinking"
Nesti Josifi KopaliChief of the Sigurimi Albanian security service in RomeAlbania1949Offered himself to the U.S. Embassy in Rome in late 1949, but was rejected, so he turned to Italian intelligence. After a couple of months of interrogation, he was turned over to the CIA, which flew him to Washington, D.C., for debriefing. Kopali had, among his other anti-western assignments in 1946–47, tried and failed to set up a liaison with the editor of an ethnic newspaper in Boston. In 1950, Kopali provided some valuable information about Albanian security and military matters, but not enough for the U.S. government to offer him political asylum and resettlement in the U.S. He was ultimately flown back to Germany.[13]
Alena VrzáňováFigure skaterCzechoslovakia1950Defected during the 1950 World Championships in London
Josef BuršíkTank commanderCzechoslovakia1950Escaped from prison to West Germany and later the UK. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, Buršík returned his Hero of the Soviet Union medal to the Soviet embassy in London.
Czesław MiłoszAuthorPoland1951Defected to France after serving as a Polish diplomat and later settled in the U.S.
Istvan RabovskyDancerHungary1953Escaped with wife Nora Kovach to West Berlin on an East Berlin tour
Franciszek JareckiPilotPoland1953Flew a MiG-15 from Słupsk, Poland to Rønne Airport on the Danish island of Bornholm
Józef ŚwiatłoUB agentPoland1953Defected on a mission in East Berlin; he went on to reveal in Radio Free Europe broadcasts the internal struggle in the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) and the true face of the Security Office (UB). One result of his escape was the liquidation of the Ministry of Security (MBP).
Nikolai KhokhlovKGBRussia1953Refused to assassinate George Okolovich; defected in West Germany and survived a KGB assassination attempt in 1957
Nora KovachDancerHungary1953Escaped with husband Istvan Rabovsky to West Berlin on an East Berlin tour
Andrzej PanufnikComposerPoland1954Escaped Polish secret police in a nighttime taxi chase in Zurich, Switzerland, then defected to the UK while in London
Peter DeriabinKGB majorRussia1954KGB major and personnel officer who contacted U.S. intelligence in Vienna and was exfiltrated through the "Mozart Express" military train; worked with the CIA for years afterwards
Vladimir PetrovDiplomatRussia1954Husband of undercover KGB agent Evdokia Petrova; defected on a mission in Australia which sparked the Petrov Affair
Evdokia PetrovaKGB agentRussia1954Undercover KGB agent who was the wife of Vladimir Petrov; defected in Australia during the Petrov Affair
Béla BergerChess playerHungary1956Defected during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 to Australia
Ferenc PuskásFootball playerHungary1956Defected during the 1956–57 European Cup in Madrid, Spain
Imre LakatosPhilosopher of scienceHungary1956Fled to Vienna, Austria, and later to the UK after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Jenő KalmárFootball playerHungary1956Defected during the 1956–57 European Cup in Madrid, Spain, then went to Switzerland
József MindszentyCardinalHungary1956Fled to the U.S. Embassy in Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956; later moved to Austria
Sándor KocsisFootball playerHungary1956Defected during the 1956–57 European Cup in Madrid, Spain, then went to Switzerland
Zoltán CziborFootball playerHungary1956Fled to Spain during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Ágnes KeletiArtistic gymnastHungary1956Defected in Melbourne, Australia, during the 1956 Summer Olympics
Christo JavacheffEnvironmental artistBulgaria1957Escaped from Czechoslovakia to Austria
Reino HäyhänenKGB agentRussia1957Defected in Paris after spending several years spying undercover in the west
Pal BenkoChess playerHungary1957Defected in Reykjavik following the World Student Team Championship
Nicholas ShadrinNaval officerRussia1959Defected in Sweden; later allegedly killed by the KGB
Alexander PetrovichPhotographerRussia1960Defected through Iran and India; settled in the U.S. in Tampa, Florida
Ernst DegnerMotorcycle racerEast Germany1961Defected once he knew that his wife and two children had already escaped to West Germany in a car trunk. Degner, who was familiar with MZ Motorcycles' loop scavenging technique secrets, drove his car from the Swedish Grand Prix to Denmark, then on to West Germany.[14]
Michael GoleniewskiSB MSWPoland1961Defected in West Germany; sentenced to death after defection; subsequently worked for the CIA. Before he defected, he had spied for the CIA under the cover name Sniper, but the CIA did not know his identity until his escape.
Anatoliy GolitsynKGB agentUkraine1961Defected to the U.S. from Helsinki, Finland via Sweden and West Germany with his wife and daughter when he was stationed in Helsinki; made sensational claims after his defection
Rudolf NureyevBallet dancerRussia1961Defected while on tour in Paris
Jonas PleškysSubmarine tender captainLithuania1961Sailed vessel to Sweden; sentenced to death and hidden by the CIA from the USSR
Valentin PoénaruMathematicianRomania1961Defected at a conference in Stockholm, Sweden; known for low-dimensional topology
Emil PoklitarFootball playerEast Germany1961Football player of SC Dynamo Berlin. Defected together with teammate Rolf Starost after a friendly match against Boldklubben af 1893 in Copenhagen, Denmark
Rolf StarostFootball playerEast Germany1961Football player of SC Dynamo Berlin. Defected together with Emil Poklitar after a friendly match against Boldklubben af 1893 in Copenhagen, Denmark
Konrad SchumannBorder guardEast Germany1961Photographed jumping the Berlin Wall during construction
Bohdan StashynskyKGB agentUkraine1961Defected in West Berlin; assassinated Lev Rebet and Stepan Bandera before his defection
Petr BeckmannPhysicistCzechoslovakia1963Defected as a visiting professor to the University of Colorado in the U.S.; became a proponent of libertarianism and nuclear energy
Yuri KrotkovKGB agentGeorgia1963Defected while an undercover agent in London; later became a novelist
Gabor BallaMarksmanHungary1964Defected in Tokyo, Japan during the 1964 Summer Olympics
András TörőFlatwater canoe athleteHungary1964Defected in Tokyo, Japan during the 1964 Summer Olympics
Paul Barbă NeagrăFilm directorRomania1964Defected in Tours, France
Yuri NosenkoKGB agentUkraine1964Defected in Washington, D.C., United States; for years, the CIA believed that he might be a double agent
Michael PolywkaFootball playerEast Germany1966Fled after a match in Sweden; traveled to West Germany
Ivan DivišPoetCzechoslovakia1967Fled after the Prague Spring to West Germany and worked for Radio Free Europe
Svetlana AlliluyevaJoseph Stalin's daughterRussia1967Defected to the U.S. via New Delhi, India; denounced the former regime of her late father Joseph Stalin, but softened her criticism of him in the 1980s[15]
Anatoly KuznetsovAuthorUkraine1968Defected after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia while doing research in London to the UK
Jan ŠejnaGeneralCzechoslovakia1968Fled after the Prague Spring to the U.S.
Miloš FormanFilm director and actorCzechoslovakia1968Defected to the U.S. when the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies invaded the country to end the Prague Spring; known for directing One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Amadeus
Vladimir OravskyWriterCzechoslovakia1968Fled after the Prague Spring to Sweden
Cornel ChiriacJournalistRomania1969Defected to Austria using a fake invitation
Georgi MarkovPlaywrightBulgaria1969Fled to Italy after a ban on plays; assassinated in London in 1978
Jerzy LewiChess playerPoland1969Defected during a tournament in Athens, Greece; traveled to Sweden
Ladislav BittmanCzechoslovak state security, disinformationCzechoslovakia1969Became a professor at Boston University, lecturing on disinformation and propaganda
Josef FrolíkCzechoslovak state securityCzechoslovakia1969Defected from Bulgaria to Turkey on a boat, moved by the CIA to the U.S.
Simonas KudirkaSeamanLithuania1970Leaped from a Soviet ship to a U.S. Coast Guard ship
Natalia MakarovaBallet dancerRussia1970Defected while on a ballet tour in London; later won a Tony Award[16]
Yuri BezmenovKGB propaganda agentRussia1970Left his KGB station in India disguised as a hippie, traveled to Greece, was debriefed in the U.S., but refused to stay in the country because of KGB infiltration of the CIA; later granted asylum in Canada
Oleg LyalinKGB agentRussia1971Defected in London after being arrested there; exposed dozens of KGB agents in the city
Vasek MatousekFigure skaterCzechoslovakia1972
Ioan P. CulianuPhilosopherRomania1972Defected during lectures in Italy. He was murdered on the campus of University of Chicago in 1991, and speculation arose that it was at the hands of former Securitate personnel.
Alexander ElderAuthorRussia1974Jumped from a Soviet ship, on which he was working as a doctor, while it was off the Ivory Coast; later traveled to the U.S.
Mikhail BaryshnikovBallet dancerLatvia1974Defected during a tour in Toronto, Canada
Paul NevaiMathematicianHungary1974Defected in Paris; emigrated to the U.S. in 1976
Stanislav KurilovOceanographerUSSR1974While on a "cruise to nowhere" in the open ocean, jumped into the sea and swam to the Philippine coast, many kilometres away
Václav NedomanskýHockey playerCzechoslovakia1974Defected during a vacation in Switzerland
Martina NavratilovaTennis playerCzechoslovakia1975Defected at the 1975 US Open in the U.S.
Jürgen PahlFootball playerEast Germany1976Fled with Norbert Nachtweih after an under-21 match in Turkey; traveled to West Germany
Norbert NachtweihFootball playerEast Germany1976Fled with Jürgen Pahl after an under-21 match in Turkey; traveled to West Germany
Viktor BelenkoFighter pilotRussia1976Flew a MiG-25 from Chuguyevka, Russia to Hakodate, Japan
Viktor KorchnoiChess playerRussia1976First Soviet Grandmaster to defect; fled following a tournament in Amsterdam, Netherlands[17]
Youri EgorovPianistRussia1976Fled during a tour in Rome, Italy
Vladimir Rezun (Viktor Suvorov)GRURussia1978GRU military intelligence officer who defected to the UK while working under UN cover in Switzerland
Arkady ShevchenkoUN Undersecretary GeneralUkraine1978Spied for the U.S. for three years before defection. His wife in Moscow died two months after his defection, purportedly of suicide.
Kirill KondrashinConductorRussia1978Defected in December 1978 while touring in the Netherlands and sought political asylum there
Ion Mihai PacepaSecuritate agentRomania1978Two-star Romanian Securitate general and personal advisor to Nicolae Ceauşescu; defected in U.S. Embassy in Bonn, West Germany; sentenced to death twice in absentia with a $2 million bounty. Carlos the Jackal was sent to assassinate him.
Matei Pavel HaiducuSecuritate agentRomania1978Defected to France in 1981 while on an industrial espionage mission; sentenced to death in absentia
Imants LešinskisKGB agentLatvia1978Defected to the U.S. while working at the UN
Alexander GodunovBallet dancerRussia1979Defected while on a ballet tour in New York City at JFK International Airport in Queens; later became an actor, playing among other roles as a terrorist in Die Hard[18]
Werner StillerStasi agentEast Germany1979Defected to West Germany after stealing state secrets
Jörg BergerFootball coachEast Germany1979Used a match with the East German youth national football team in Yugoslavia to flee to West Germany
Leonid KozlovBallet dancerRussia1979Defected with wife Valentina Kozlova during their company's tour in Los Angeles, California
Valentina KozlovaBallet dancerRussia1979Defected with husband Leonid Kozlov during their company's tour in Los Angeles, California
Lev AlburtChess playerRussia1979Soviet chess grandmaster; defected to the U.S. where he won the US Chess Championship three times
Ludmila BelousovaFigure skaterRussia1979Defected while in Switzerland
Lutz EigendorfFootball playerEast Germany1979Football player of BFC Dynamo. Fled during a match in West Germany; died in a car accident in 1983, allegedly assassinated by the Stasi
Oleg ProtopopovFigure skaterRussia1979Defected with Ludmila Belousova while on tour in Switzerland
Stanislav LevchenkoKGB agentRussia1979Defected during a mission in Tokyo, Japan; detailed the KGB's Japanese spy network
Vladas ČesiūnasSprint canoe athleteLithuania1979Defected during the world championships at Frankfurt Airport in West Germany; recaptured by the KGB[19]
Anton ŠťastnýHockey playerCzechoslovakia1980Defected with brother Peter during the European Cup tournament in Innsbruck, Austria
Igor Vasilyevich IvanovChess playerRussia1980Ran from KGB agents when his plane made an emergency stop in Gander, Canada
Peter ŠťastnýHockey playerCzechoslovakia1980Defected with his wife and brother Anton during the European Cup tournament in Innsbruck, Austria
Sulamith MessererBallet dancerRussia1980Sister's husband purged; defected to the UK at the age of 72 to coach ballet
Walter PolovchakUnderage defectorUkraine1980Fled from his parents when they were about to return to the Ukrainian SSR. Granted political asylum as a naturalised U.S. citizen upon turning 18 on October 3, 1985. Had been the subject of a lengthy political cause célèbre during the preceding five years
Maxim ShostakovichConductorRussia1981Defected while on tour in West Germany with his son[20]
Romuald SpasowskiAmbassadorPoland1981Defected when martial law was declared in Poland in 1981
Zdzisław RurarzAmbassadorPoland1981Defected to the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo with Spasowski following the Polish United Workers' Party's declaration of martial law[21]
Ryszard KuklińskiColonelPoland1981Spied for the U.S. for 10 years after the 1970 massacre of Polish workers. Later defected to the U.S. and was sentenced to death in absentia. Died of a stroke; sentence annulled in 1998 by the Polish Supreme Court
Vladimir TismăneanuPolitical scientistRomania1981Defected in Spain while on an authorised trip with his mother to visit the site of his father's battles
Miroslav FryčerHockey playerCzechoslovakia1981Defected to Canada while at a tournament with the Czechoslovakia men's national ice hockey team in Bern, Switzerland[22]
Clifford KettemboroughMathematician, computer scientistRomania1982Defected to Turkey, then Austria, via Bulgaria before emigrating to the U.S. in June 1983
Vladimir KuzichkinKGB agentRussia1982Defected to a British intelligence station in Tehran and then to the UK
Gega KobakhidzeActorGeorgia1983Hijacked Aeroflot Flight 6833; tried to defect to Turkey and was arrested
Falko GötzFootball playerEast Germany1983Football player of BFC Dynamo. Fled before a match in Yugoslavia together with teammate Dirk Schlegel; traveled to West Germany[23]
Dirk SchlegelFootball playerEast Germany1983Football player of BFC Dynamo. Fled before a match in Yugoslavia together with Falko Götz; traveled to West Germany[23]
Vakhtang JordaniaConductorGeorgia1983Defected while on tour with Viktoria Mullova via Kuusamo, Finland and Haparanda, Sweden, to the U.S.
Viktoria MullovaViolinistRussia1983Defected in a tour with Vakhtang Jordania via Kuusamo, Finland, and Haparanda, Sweden, to the U.S.
Oleg BitovEditorRussia1983Foreign editor of Literaturnaya Gazeta; defected in Venice, Italy, to the UK[24]
Dariusz JanczewskiTrack and field athletePoland1984Left a hotel room in the middle of the night while in Turin, Italy, at an international track meet; spent several months in a refugee camp in Italy before relocating to the U.S.
Vasily Matuzok Diplomatic translator Russia 1984 Translator at the Soviet embassy in Pyongyang, North Korea. Defected during a guided tour of the Korean Joint Security Area by running across the demarcation line to South Korea
Valdo RandpereDeputy Minister of JusticeEstonia1984Defected via Kotka, Finland to Sweden; fled during a Soviet crackdown on Estonian nationalism
Ivo ZdarskyAviation engineering studentCzechoslovakia1984Defected from Czechoslovakia after he created a homemade aircraft, which he flew to Vienna International Airport; subsequently settled in the U.S. and founded the Ivoprop corporation
Ladislav PatakiSports scientistCzechoslovakia1985Defected to the U.S. via Rome, Italy; known as "the highest-ranking Soviet-bloc sports scientist ever to defect to the West"
Milan ŠvecEmbassy employeeCzechoslovakia1985Defected in Washington, D.C., where he was Minister-Counselor at the Czechoslovak embassy; later became a commentator on east–west relations
Oleg GordievskyKGB agentRussia1985Defected to the UK via Finland; became an MI6 double agent after the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and was sentenced to death in absentia
Vitaly YurchenkoKGB agentRussia1985Defected in Rome, Italy and exposed two KGB/CIA double agents, Ronald Pelton and Edward Lee Howard; later ended up back in the KGB
Mircea FlorianMusicianRomania1986Defected in the U.S. while on an authorised visit for a performance
Frank LippmannFootball playerEast Germany1986Football player of SG Dynamo Dresden; fled after a match against FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen in the quarter finals of the 1985–86 European Cup Winners' Cup
Naim SüleymanoğluWeightlifterBulgaria1986Defected during the World Cup final in Melbourne, Australia; traveled to Turkey
Vyacheslav PolozovOpera singerUSSR1986Defected during a Madama Butterfly singing competition in Tokyo, Japan
Mihai SmighelschiAir force cadetRomania1987Flew his Aero L-39ZA Albatros jet trainer aircraft from Buzău, Romania to near Kırklareli, Turkey, where he landed on a dirt road[25]
Tamás BudaySprint canoe athleteHungary1987Defected to Canada
Jürgen SparwasserFootball playerEast Germany1988Defected to West Germany while taking part in a veterans' tournament in Saarbrücken
Mihai SubaChess playerRomania1988Defected to the UK during the 1988 Lloyds Bank chess tournament in London
Miodrag BelodediciFootball playerRomania1988Defected to Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Luboš KubíkFootball playerCzechoslovakia1988Defected from a Czechoslovakia national football team training camp in West Germany to Belgium alongside Ivo Knoflíček; eventually settled in Italy after signing for Fiorentina
Ivo KnoflíčekFootball playerCzechoslovakia1988Defected from a Czechoslovakia national football team training camp in West Germany to Belgium alongside Luboš Kubík; eventually settled in West Germany after signing for St. Pauli
Aleksandr ZuyevPilotRussia1989Flew an Mikoyan MiG-29 to Trabzon, Turkey
Alexander MogilnyHockey playerRussia1989Defected after the World Championships in Sweden
Kalinikos KreangaTable tennis playerRomania1989Defected in Luxembourg during a youth table tennis championship
Mihai ApostolSprint canoe athleteRomania1989-
Nadia ComăneciGymnastRomania1989Defected weeks before the Romanian revolution to Austria
Cristian RaducanuRugby playerRomania1989-
Petr NedvědHockey playerCzechoslovakia1989Defected during a midget hockey tournament in Calgary, Canada
Vladimir PasechnikBioweapons engineerRussia1989Defected in Paris, France, to warn the West about the Soviet biological weapons program
Zuo XiukaiMilitary officerChina1989Defected to South Korea from his post at the Joint Security Area[26]
Richard KruspeMusicianEast Germany1989Defected to West Germany after political imprisonment
Marco KöllerFootball playerEast Germany1989Football player of BFC Dynamo; left for West Germany only a short time before the fall of the Berlin Wall[27]
Gorsha SurIce dancerRussia1990Defected to the U.S. while on tour with a Soviet troupe
Sergei FedorovHockey playerRussia1990Defected in Seattle, Washington during the Goodwill Games
Vitali VitalievAuthorUkraine1990Became a regular on BBC television in the UK
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