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List of ambassadors of Russia to the Netherlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The ambassador of Russia to the Netherlands is the official representative of the president and the government of the Russian Federation to the king and the government of the Netherlands.
The ambassador and his staff work at large in the Russian Embassy in The Hague.[1] The current Russian ambassador to the Netherlands is Vladimir Tarabrin, incumbent since 5 December 2023.[2] The ambassador is concurrently accredited as Russia's permanent representative to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.[3]
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History of diplomatic relations
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Tsardom of Russia
Contacts between the predecessor states of the Netherlands and Russia date back to trade expeditions around 1000 AD, with regular contact established by the reign of Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584), when Dutch merchants visted Arkhangelsk. In 1613, Stepan Ushakov and Semyon Zaborovsky were sent to the Netherlands to present the news of the accession of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, and to request assistance in the Polish–Russian War. In 1646, Ilya Miloslavsky and Ivan Baybakov visited as envoys of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich.[4] Temporary missions were exchanged throughout the Tsarist period, and in 1696, Tsar Peter I sent his Grand Embassy to Western Europe, nominally led by Franz Lefort, Fyodor Golovin and Prokofy Voznitsyn, and accompanied by Peter himself. The embassy reached the Netherlands by mid-August 1697, leaving in January 1698. Contacts were strengthened with the appointment of the first permanent representative to the Netherlands the following year, Andrey Matveyev serving as Russian envoy in The Hague from 1699 to 1712.[4][5] A consulate was opened in Amsterdam on 16 April 1707, and Matveyev was succeeded in 1712 by Boris Kurakin, a noted diplomat who was ambassador during the establishment of the Russian Empire in 1721.[4][6]
Imperial Russia
Representatives continued to be exchanged between the two countries under Peter's successors, during the turbulent eighteenth century, with the first significant rupture occurring during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Dutch Republic was invaded by troops of the French First Republic in 1795, establishing the Batavian Republic, allied with France. Russia entered the War of the Second Coalition against France and its allies in late 1798, and in 1799, participated in the unsuccessful Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland. Relations were broken off during the war, but resumed after the signing of the Treaty of Amiens in 1802.[4] Hostilities between what was now the First French Empire under Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Russian Empire, resumed in 1805 with the War of the Third Coalition. The relative independence of what from 1806 was the Kingdom of Holland meant that diplomatic relations were maintained, until the Kingdom was formally annexed to the French Empire in 1810, a period known as the Incorporation. Relations were again suspended until the defeat of France in the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1814, after which relations were restored with the newly independent but shortlived Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands, and then its successor from 1815, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Envoys were thereafter exchanged between the two countries for the next hundred years, uninterrupted by the transition from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, following the Belgian Revolution in 1830 and the ratification of Belgian independence in 1839.[4]
Soviet Union
The exchange of ambassadors continued into the twentieth century and during the First World War, including after the February Revolution brought an end to Imperial rule and established the Russian Provisional Government. Following the October Revolution which brought the Bolsheviks to power, the government of the Netherlands declined to recognise the new communist regime and relations were again broken off.[5][7] Relations remained suspended throughout the 1920s and 1930s, and into the start of the Second World War. The Netherlands were invaded and then occupied from 1940, with a Dutch government-in-exile established in London. When Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the USSR joined the Allied side. On 10 July 1942, the USSR established diplomatic relations with the Dutch government-in-exile, as part of the Soviet Embassy to the Allied Governments, with its ambassador, Aleksandr Bogomolov accredited until 1943, and succeeded by Viktor Lebedev until 1945.[7] With the restoration of the independent Dutch state following the war, Vasily Valkov was appointed the new representative.[8] Relations subsequently cooled following Soviet support for the Indonesian National Revolution, and deteriorated further after a series of incidents involving ambassador Panteleimon Ponomarenko, ultimately leading to him being declared persona non grata in 1961.[7] Relations improved during the later part of the Khrushchev Thaw, and ambassadors resumed being appointed in 1963.[7][8]
Russian Federation
Exchange of ambassadors continued throughout the rest of the existence of the Soviet Union. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Netherlands recognised the Russian Federation as its successor state. Incumbent Soviet ambassador Aleksandre Chikvaidze remained in post representing Russia until 1992, and since then ambassadors have continued to be exchanged between the two countries.[8][9]
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Representatives of Russia to the Netherlands (1699–present)
Tsardom of Russia to the Dutch Republic (1699–1721)
Russian Empire to the Dutch Republic (1721–1795)
Russian Empire to the Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
Russian Empire to the Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)
Russian Empire to the Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1814–1815)
Russian Empire to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
Russian Empire to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1839–1917)
Russian Provisional Government to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1917)
Soviet Union to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1942–1991)
Russian Federation to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1991–present)
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References
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