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List of chemical elements
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).[1]
The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding developments of modern chemistry. It is a tabular arrangement of the elements by their chemical properties that usually uses abbreviated chemical symbols in place of full element names, but the linear list format presented here is also useful. Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
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List
- Standard atomic weight or Ar°(E)
- '1.0080': abridged value, uncertainty ignored here
- '[97]', [ ] notation: mass number of most stable isotope
- Values in ( ) brackets are predictions
- Primordial (=Earth's origin), from decay, or synthetic
- Phase at Standard state (25°C [77°F], 100 kPa)
- Melting point: helium does not solidify at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atm.
- Beryl, mineral (ultimately after Belur, Karnataka, India?)[4]
- Borax, mineral (from Arabic: bawraq, Middle Persian: *bōrag)
- Latin fluo 'to flow'
- Greek néon 'new'
- Coined by Humphry Davy who first isolated it, from English soda (specifically caustic soda), via Italian from Arabic ṣudāʕ 'headache'
- Greek phōsphóros 'light-bearing'
- Latin
- Greek chlōrós 'greenish yellow'
- Latin Scandia 'Scandinavia'
- English, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom 'iron', from a root meaning 'blood'
- Middle English, from Middle French arsenic, from Greek arsenikón 'yellow arsenic' (influenced by arsenikós 'masculine, virile'), from a West Asian wanderword ultimately from Old Persian: *zarniya-ka, lit. 'golden'
- Arsenic sublimes at 1 atmosphere pressure.
- Greek molýbdaina 'piece of lead', from mólybdos 'lead', due to confusion with lead ore galena (PbS)
- Greek rhodóeis 'rose-coloured', from rhódon 'rose'
- English, from Proto-Germanic
- English, from Proto-Germanic
- Latin antimonium, of unclear origin: folk etymologies suggest Greek antí 'against' + mónos 'alone', or Old French anti-moine 'monk's bane', but could be from or related to Arabic ʾiṯmid 'antimony'
- Greek lanthánein 'to lie hidden'
- Ceres (dwarf planet), then considered a planet
- Samarskite, a mineral named after V. Samarsky-Bykhovets, Russian mine official
- Gadolinite, a mineral named after Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist
- Greek dysprósitos 'hard to get'
- Neo-Latin Hafnia 'Copenhagen' (from Danish havn, harbor)
- English, from same Proto-Indo-European root as 'yellow'
- English, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from a root meaning 'flow'
- German Wismut, via Latin and Arabic from Greek psimúthion 'white lead'
- Latin Polonia 'Poland', home country of discoverer Marie Curie
- Radium emanation, originally the name of 222Rn
- France, home country of discoverer Marguerite Perey
- Coined in French by discoverer Marie Curie, from Latin radius 'ray'
- Pierre and Marie Curie, physicists and chemists
- Berkeley, California, where it was first synthesized
- California, where it was first synthesized in LBNL
- Albert Einstein, German physicist
- Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist
- Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist who proposed the periodic table
- Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer
- Ernest Lawrence, American physicist
- Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist from New Zealand
- Glenn Seaborg, American chemist
- Niels Bohr, Danish physicist
- Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist
- Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist
- Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR, where it was synthesized; itself named after Georgy Flyorov, Russian physicist
- Yuri Oganessian, Russian physicist
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See also
- List of people whose names are used in chemical element names
- List of places used in the names of chemical elements
- List of chemical element name etymologies
- Roles of chemical elements
- Extended periodic table Theories about undiscovered elements, Includes a list of temporary element names in the section Electron configurations.
References
External links
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