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List of mammals of Metropolitan France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 120 mammal species occurring in Metropolitan France. One of them is critically endangered, two are endangered, thirteen are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One of the species listed for France is considered to be extinct.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red Lists published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
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Order: Rodentia (rodents)
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Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- Genus: Castor
- Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC[1]
- North American beaver, C. canadensis LC introduced, extirpated[2]
- Genus: Castor
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Genus: Sciurus
- Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC[3]
- Genus: Sciurus
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Genus: Marmota
- Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC
- Genus: Marmota
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Genus: Eliomys
- Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT[4]
- Genus: Muscardinus
- Hazel dormouse, M. avellanarius LC
- Genus: Eliomys
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, G. glis LC
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Leithiinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Cricetus
- European hamster, C. cricetus CR[5]
- Genus: Cricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Arvicola
- European water vole, A. amphibius LC[6]
- Southwestern water vole, A. sapidus VU[7]
- Genus: Chionomys
- Snow vole, C. nivalis LC
- Genus: Clethrionomys
- Bank vole, C. glareolus LC
- Genus: Microtus
- Field vole, M. agrestis LC
- Common vole, M. arvalis LC
- Cabrera's vole, M. cabrerae NT[8]
- Mediterranean pine vole, M. duodecimcostatus LC
- Gerbe's vole, M. gerbei LC
- Lusitanian pine vole, M. lusitanicus LC
- Alpine pine vole, M. multiplex LC
- Savi's pine vole, M. savii LC
- European pine vole, M. subterraneus LC
- Genus: Arvicola
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Mus
- House mouse, M. musculus LC[9]
- Algerian mouse, M. spretus LC
- Genus: Apodemus
- Alpine field mouse, A. alpicola LC
- Yellow-necked mouse, A. flavicollis LC
- Wood mouse, A. sylvaticus LC
- Genus: Micromys
- Eurasian harvest mouse, M. minutus LC
- Genus: Rattus
- Genus: Mus
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
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Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
- Corsican hare, L. corsicanus VU
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[11]
- Mountain hare, L. timidus LC[12]
- Genus: Oryctolagus
- European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN[13]
- Genus: Lepus
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Prolagus
- Sardinian pika, P. sardus EX
- Genus: Prolagus
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Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)
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Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Atelerix
- North African hedgehog, A. algirus LC extirpated[14]
- Genus: Erinaceus
- West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC[15]
- Genus: Atelerix
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[16]
- Genus: Suncus
- Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
- Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Alpine shrew, S. alpinus LC
- Common shrew, S. araneus LC
- Crowned shrew, S. coronatus LC
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Genus: Galemys
- Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus VU[17]
- Genus: Galemys
- Tribe: Talpini
- Genus: Talpa
- Mediterranean mole, T. caeca LC
- European mole, T. europaea LC
- Roman mole, T. romana LC
- Genus: Talpa
- Tribe: Desmanini
- Subfamily: Talpinae
Order: Chiroptera (bats)
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The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT[18]
- Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC[19]
- Brandt's bat, M. brandti LC[20]
- Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU[21]
- Cryptic myotis, M. crypticus
- Pond bat, M. dasycneme NT[22]
- Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC[23]
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[24]
- Escalera's bat, M. escalerai LC[25]
- Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC[26]
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[27]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[28]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[29]
- Genus: Eptesicus
- Northern bat, E. nilssoni LC
- Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
- Genus: Hypsugo
- Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC[30]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[31]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[32]
- Common noctule, N. noctula LC[33]
- Genus: Pipistrellus
- Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
- Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC[34]
- Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
- Genus: Plecotus
- Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC[35]
- Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT[36]
- Genus: Vespertilio
- Parti-coloured bat, V. murinus LC
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[37]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
- European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC[38]
- Genus: Tadarida
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT[39]
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[40]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[41]
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU[42]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
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Order: Cetacea (whales)
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The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Genus: Balaena
- Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC vagrant[43][44][45]
- Genus: Eubalaena
- North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis CR or functionally extinct in European waters
- Genus: Balaena
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Genus: Megaptera
- Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
- Genus: Megaptera
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
- Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata NT
- Genus: Balaenoptera
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Kogiidae
- Genus: Kogia
- Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps LC
- Genus: Kogia
- Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
- Genus: Ziphius
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
- Genus: Mesoplodon
- Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
- True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
- Genus: Hyperoodon
- Genus: Ziphius
- Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
- Genus: Phocoena
- Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
- Genus: Phocoena
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
- Genus: Leucopleurus
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC
- Genus: Steno
- Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
- Genus: Tursiops
- Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
- Genus: Stenella
- Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC
- Genus: Delphinus
- Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
- Genus: Grampus
- Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
- Genus: Feresa
- Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
- Genus: Pseudorca
- False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens LC
- Genus: Globicephala
- Pilot whale, Globicephala melas LC
- Genus: Orcinus
- Genus: Lagenorhynchus
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas VU
- Genus: Delphinapterus
- Family: Monodontidae
- Family: Kogiidae
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Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
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There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- European wildcat, F. silvestris LC[47]
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[48]
- Iberian lynx, L. pardinus EN extirpated[49]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Viverridae
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Genus: Genetta
- Common genet, G. genetta LC introduced[50]
- Genus: Genetta
- Subfamily: Viverrinae
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC vagrant[51]
- Gray wolf, C. lupus[52] LC[53]
- Italian wolf, C. l. italicus
- Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
- Genus: Nyctereutes
- Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides LC introduced[54]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[56]
- Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[56]
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- European otter, L. lutra NT[57]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC[58]
- European pine marten, M. martes LC[59]
- Genus: Meles
- European badger, M. meles LC[60]
- Genus: Mustela
- Stoat, M. erminea LC[61]
- European mink, M. lutreola CR[62]
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[63]
- European polecat, M. putorius LC[64]
- Genus: Neogale
- American mink, N. vison LC introduced[65]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Genus: Erignathus
- Bearded seal, E. barbatus LC
- Genus: Halichoerus
- Grey seal, H. grypus LC
- Genus: Monachus
- Mediterranean monk seal, M. monachus EN extirpated[66]
- Genus: Phoca
- Common seal, P. vitulina LC
- Genus: Erignathus
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
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Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovidae
- Genus: Bison
- European bison, B. bonasus NT reintroduced[71]
- Genus: Bison
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Genus: Capra
- Alpine ibex, C. ibex LC reintroduced[72]
- Iberian ibex, C. pyrenaica LC reintroduced[73]
- Pyrenean ibex, C. p. pyrenaica EX
- Western Spanish ibex, C. p. victoriae introduced
- Genus: Rupicapra
- Pyrenean chamois, R. pyrenaica LC[74]
- Chamois, R. rupicapra LC[75]
- Genus: Capra
- Subfamily: Bovidae
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
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See also
References
External links
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