Local ethnic nationalism

"Local nationalism" redirects here. For local identity-based politics in other countries, see Localism (politics).

Local ethnic nationalism,^[1][2][3] simply local nationalism^[4] or local ethnic chauvinism^[5] is a term first used by Mao Zedong regarding perceived nationalist sentiment of certain groups in mainland China and Taiwan.

Local [ethnic] nationalism
Traditional Chinese	地方民族主義
Simplified Chinese	地方民族主义
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin dìfāng mínzú zhǔyì Bopomofo ㄉㄧˋ ㄈㄤ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	狹隘民族主義
Simplified Chinese	狭隘民族主义
Literal meaning	Narrow nationalism
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin xiáài mínzú zhǔyì Bopomofo ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄗㄨˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄧˋ

In mainland China, "local ethnic nationalism/chauvinism" contrasts with "Han nationalism" (or "Han chauvinism"), but both are perceived^{[by whom?]} as divisive ideas.^{[6][failed verification]}

History

From the 1930s to 1945, the Japanese imperialists proclaimed the idea of "national liberation" (民族解放, minzu jiefang) and "national self-determination" (民族自決, minzu zijue) to encourage the separation of Northeast China and North China from the rest of the country.^{[7][failed verification]}

During the Taiwan under Japanese rule, Xie Xuehong supported "Taiwan independence" (rather than pan-Chinese nationalism) by organizing the Taiwanese Communist Party in Shanghai.^[8] In the 1950s, Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League leader Xie supported Taiwanese self-determination over Chinese unification, which led to her being denounced as a "local [ethnic] nationalist" by Mao Zedong and his supporters during the Anti-Rightist Campaign.^[8][9]

On September 1, 1979, Deng Xiaoping, while listening to the report of the 14th National Conference on United Front Work, said: There are indeed many problems in the national work to which attention should be paid; the current issue is how to strengthen national unity and oppose 'great Han-ism' (大漢族主義) and 'local ethnic nationalism' (地方民族主義), and there is also 'great [ethnic] nationalism' (大民族主義) in some ethnic minorities.^[10]

Hong Kong nationalism

Main article: Hong Kong nationalism

See also: Localism in Hong Kong and Localist camp

Hong Kong nationalism recognizes Hongkongers as individual minzu as distinct from "Chinese nation/ethnicity". The term minzu (民族) may mean "ethnic group" depending on the context, but may also mean "nation" in a broad sense. Therefore, Hong Kong nationalists who reject the concept of "Chinese nation/ethnicity" (中華民族) and insist on "Hong Konger nation/ethnicity" (香港民族) can also be called "local [ethnic] nationalism" (地方民族主義).^{[11][failed verification]}

Types

China's non-Han nationalisms

• Korean nationalism^[a] (Chaoxianzu)
• Manchurian nationalism
• Mongolian nationalism^[b] (Mongolian Chinese)
  • Inner Mongolian independence movement
  • Pan-Mongolism
• Tibetan nationalism^[c]
  • Tibetan independence movement
• Vietnamese nationalism^[d] (Hoa people)
• Uyghur nationalism

Other

• Bashu nationalism
• Cantonese nationalism
• Hong Kong nationalism
  • Hong Kong Autonomy Movement
  • Hong Kong independence
• Macau nationalism^[e]
  • Macau independence
• Shanghai nationalism
  • Shanghai National Party
• Taiwanese nationalism
  • ROC independence
  • Taiwan independence movement

See also

• China portal
• Politics portal

• Anti-Han sentiment
• Cathaysianism [ja] (諸夏主義)
• Chinese nationalism (Zhonghua minzu)
• Ethnic nationalism in Japan
• Indigenism
• Secession in China
• Separatism

Notes

1. simplified Chinese: 朝鲜民族主义; traditional Chinese: 朝鮮民族主義, Chinese Korean: 조선[의] 민족주의
2. simplified Chinese: 蒙古民族主义; traditional Chinese: 蒙古民族主義, Mongolian: Монголын үндэсний үзэл
3. simplified Chinese: 藏区民族主义; traditional Chinese: 藏區民族主義, Tibetic: བོད་མི་རིགས་རིང་ལུགས།
4. simplified Chinese: 越南民族主义; traditional Chinese: 越南民族主義, Vietnamese: chủ nghĩa dân tộc Việt Nam
5. simplified Chinese: 澳门民族主义; traditional Chinese: 澳門民族主義, Macanese Portuguese: Nacionalismo macao