Matrix Gla protein

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is member of a family of vitamin K₂ dependent, Gla-containing proteins. MGP has a high affinity binding to calcium ions, similar to other Gla-containing proteins. The protein acts as an inhibitor of vascular mineralization and plays a role in bone organization.^[5][6]

MGP
Identifiers
Aliases	MGP, MGLAP, NTI, GIG36, matrix Gla protein
External IDs	OMIM: 154870; MGI: 96976; HomoloGene: 693; GeneCards: MGP; OMA:MGP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p12.3 Start 14,880,864 bp[1] End 14,885,857 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 G1 Start 136,849,433 bp[2] End 136,852,821 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Descending thoracic aorta ascending aorta right coronary artery left coronary artery tibial arteries left uterine tube lactiferous duct pericardium saphenous vein Achilles tendon Top expressed in tunica media of zone of aorta right lung lobe gastrula aortic valve carotid body left lung calvaria ascending aorta left lung lobe superior surface of tongue More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function calcium ion binding extracellular matrix structural constituent protein binding structural constituent of bone Cellular component extracellular matrix extracellular region extracellular exosome collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process multicellular organism development cell differentiation cartilage development cartilage condensation ossification regulation of bone mineralization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4256 17313 Ensembl ENSG00000111341 ENSMUSG00000030218 UniProt P08493 P19788 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001190839 NM_000900 NM_008597 RefSeq (protein) NP_000891 NP_001177768 NP_032623 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 14.88 – 14.89 Mb Chr 6: 136.85 – 136.85 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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MGP is found in a number of body tissues in mammals, birds, and fish. Its mRNA is present in bone, cartilage, heart, and kidney.^[7]

It is present in bone together with the related vitamin K2-dependent protein osteocalcin. In bone, its production is increased by vitamin D.

Genetics

The MGP was linked to the short arm of chromosome 12 in 1990.^[8] Its mRNA sequence length is 585 bases long in humans.^[9]

Physiology

MGP and osteocalcin are both calcium-binding proteins that may participate in the organisation of bone tissue. Both have glutamate residues that are post-translationally carboxylated by the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in a reaction that requires Vitamin K hydroquinone.

Role in disease

Abnormalities in the MGP gene have been linked with Keutel syndrome, a rare condition characterised by abnormal calcium deposition in cartilage, peripheral stenosis of the pulmonary artery, and midfacial hypoplasia.^[10]

Mice that lack MGP develop to term but die within two months as a result of arterial calcification which leads to blood-vessel rupture.^[6]