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Melbourne Central Shopping Centre
Shopping centre in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Melbourne Central is a large shopping centre, office, and public transport hub in the central business district of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The main tower is 211-metre (692 ft) high, making it one of the tallest buildings in Melbourne at the time it was built in 1991. Other parts of the complex include the Melbourne Central Shopping Centre, the underground Melbourne Central railway station and the heritage-listed Coop's Shot Tower.
The site of the present-day complex was earmarked for development in the early 1970s by the Melbourne City Council.[5] At the time, the State Government of Victoria had started constructing the City Loop underground railway with a station located on the site called Museum Station.[6] The main tower and complex was completed in 1991, designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa and the Kumagai Gumi at a cost of $1.2 billion.[5] It has since been significantly renovated three times in 2001, 2005 and 2010.
Today the centre features a gross leasable area of 55,100 square metres (593,000 sq ft) spread over six floors.[2] The 20 storey glass conical structure over the Coop's Shot Tower is the largest of its kind in the world[5] and over 8.6 million passengers pass through the Melbourne Central station every year.[7]
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History
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20th Century
Background
Originally termed the 'Victoria Project',[8] large scale redevelopment of the city block bounded by Lonsdale, Swanston, La Trobe and Elizabeth Streets was studied in some detail during the 1960s and 1970s, being closely linked with work on the City Loop Early work on the site commenced in 1971 when land on the south side of La Trobe Street was acquired, to enable the cut and cover construction of Museum Station (now known as Melbourne Central). With planning for the site being carried out by the Melbourne Underground Rail Loop Authority from 1980, the railway station opened in 1981, but protracted negotiations failed to find an anchor tenant for the development, resulting in the State Government of Victoria deciding in 1983 that a private developer should be sought.[6]
Design
By the time registrations closed in March 1984 a total of 28 submissions had been received from developers, with eight selected organisations invited to respond.[6] A government panel sat in April 1985 to evaluate the responses, and one month later announced their preferred scheme: designed by Hassell Architects for EKG Developments, a joint venture between Australian property developer Essington Limited and Japanese construction firm Kumagai Gumi.[6] The project compromised an 85 floor office tower, with a hotel at the Swanston Street end, joined by a huge sloping walled atrium 20 floors high, over a shopping atrium opening down to the station platforms, designed by Hassell.[9]
The $1.2 billion contract was signed soon after but without Essington Limited, who were removed by the State Government after a number of directors were linked to the Nugan Hand Bank.[10] It was also at this time that Kisho Kurokawa was brought on board as architect, with Hassell and Bates, Smart & McCutcheon compensated by becoming the joint documenters of the scheme. It was also scaled back, with the hotel removed, and the office tower reduced to 72 storeys and then 55, and the atrium reduce to a tall cone, and a circular opening through the shopping levels. An arm of shops connecting to Lonsdale Street was also added, replacing 19th century warehouses,[11] and via footbridges connected through to the Myer store. An anchor tenant was also found, with Japanese department store Daimaru signed on over six floors of the shopping centre due to the involvement of the Japanese Sumitomo Bank on the project.[6][12] Connell Wagner were the civil and structural engineers for the project. Mechanical, electrical and hydraulic services were provided by Norman Disney & Young. Rankin & Hill did the fire services.[13]
1990s: Opening
Melbourne Central opened on 11 September 1991 with 160 specialty stores, 30 cafes and food outlets and a six level Japanese department store Daimaru which was the first store to open in Australia. Around 3,000 people attended the opening of Melbourne Central, and it came with a motto as “the life of the city".[14]
The Daimaru department store was an attempt to compete with nearby Australian established department stores such as Myer, Georges and David Jones.[15][10]
Melbourne Central is built on top of the existing Museum Station (now known as Melbourne Central Station) with direct access to the shopping centre and station concourse via escalators. The Melbourne Central Office Tower is a 210 metres (690 ft) high with 57 storeys with 46 of used for office. The shopping centre contains six levels of retail built around the existing the 50-metre (160 ft) high heritage listed Coops Shot Tower which was built in 1888. The tower became a focal point and symbol of Melbourne Central. It is enclosed by an 80-metre (260 ft) high glass cone known as the "Magic Cone". It weighs 490 tonnes and has 924 glass panes. The cone is the largest of its kind in the world and was built in reference to the large dome of the adjacent State Library of Victoria. A hot-air balloon and a biplane dangled in mid-air underneath the cone.[16]
The original six levels of retail were organised into five different areas known as 'shopping worlds' - Historic World, Crystal World, Action World, Urban World and International World.[17]
Melbourne Central also featured a giant video screen, murals depicting trades throughout the ages, a rooftop amusement park, a three-storey glass butterfly enclosure, waterfall water feature and the famous Marionette Watch. The Marionette Watch was designed by Seiko and is located opposite the Shot Tower and hangs off level two and was connected to a twelve and a half metre, two tonne chain. Every hour, on the hour, a marionette display drops down from the bottom of the watch with an Australian galahs, cockatoos and two minstrels performing Waltzing Matilda, under the watchful gaze of some koalas.[14]
The centre has a large multi-level underground carpark with over 1,600 spaces and also has an undercover footbridge across Lonsdale and Little Lonsdale streets which links through to Myer and the CBD retail heart on Bourke Street.[14]
On 11 September 1993 a 2,300m² Toys "R" Us store opened on the ground level of Melbourne Central.[18] The opening of the store attracted a record of 250,000 people at the time.[19]
Melbourne Central was the film location of Mr. Nice Guy which was released in 1997 and stared Jackie Chan.[20][21]
In May 1999, GPT Group purchased 97.1% stake of Melbourne Central from Kumagai Gumi for $408 million after a five-year sale.[22][23] Kumagai Gumi never made a profit on Melbourne Central and was forced to sell the ownership of the centre whilst retaining the 2.9% stake to write the asset off over 20 years. In 2001 Kumagai Gumi sold their remaining share to GPT for $17 million.[24]
21st Century
2000s
On 25 September 2001, Daimaru Inc announced that it would close and liquidate its two stores in Australia. The store in Pacific Fair on the Gold Coast closed on 31 January 2002 and in Melbourne Central Daimaru closed on 31 July 2002.[25][26] Daimaru paid $30 million for their five years of remaining rent in return for abandoning their lease agreement which was to expire in 2016.[24][27] Daimaru never turned a profit on the store, costing its shareholders approximately $200 million. With half the total retail space empty due to the loss of Daimaru, GPT announced a $195 million plan to renovate the centre in April 2002 by refitting the old Daimaru space into mini majors, specialty stores, entertainment and leisure on the upper levels and a new lower ground level on the existing station concourse.[24][28][29][30]
Work began on the $200 million redevelopment in September 2002 and it was designed by architects Ashton Raggatt McDougall and ARM Architecture who described it as a "tired, old building", inappropriate for Melbourne.[31] It aimed to open the complex to more natural light, new street-front shopping strips, and bubble-like additions to the footbridge across Little Lonsdale Street but largely compromised the design of Kurokawa.[6][32]
Work began on the access to the adjacent Melbourne Central railway station in December 2002 with the temporary closure of the La Trobe Street entrance and redirected commuters to the Elizabeth and Swanston Street entrances. This stage of construction involves linking the station concourse with the Lonsdale Street building occupied by Toys "R" Us. Toys "R" Us vacated its spot in January 2003 following lease termination agreement. This development created a new lower ground level which spans from Lonsdale Street to La Trobe Street. This level incorporates a new Coles Express supermarket (now Coles Central), a fresh food and essential service precinct, a food court with McDonald's, KFC and six food outlets and a new ticket booth outlet for the station.[27]
This development removed direct access to the station concourse from Swanston Street with the escalators closed in November 2003 and were replaced by escalators that direct commuters into the atrium under the cone in the centre of the shopping centre, making the path for rail passengers more convoluted. The concourse under La Trobe Street was integrated into the shopping centre with the installation of numerous shops. This development faced a lot of criticism due to the original complex which had a direct entrance to the underground concourse from the tram stop on Swanston Street removed in favour of a much longer route through the shopping centre.[33][34] The company operating Melbourne's suburban railways at the time, M>Train, together with the owners of Melbourne Central, closed this direct entrance which caused overcrowding and delays to passengers attempting to access the station platforms.[35][36][37][38]
Other parts of Melbourne Central were renovated during this $200 million development. The ground level was replaced by specialty stores which specialized in "street urban fashion stores". A lane way was carved through the centre from La Trobe Street to Little Londale Street to reflect Melbourne's laneway culture.[27]
Level one and two specialized in cosmetics, homewares, books and music. A Borders bookstore opened on level one and Freedom Furniture opened on level two.[27]
The 12.5 metre, two tonne chain and the Seiko branding on the Marionette Watch was removed during this redevelopment and not replaced.[14][39]
Parts of the centre have opened progressively in the months of 2004 with the entire redevelopment excluding levels 3 - 5 completed in December 2004.[40][41]
On 20 September 2005 a 12 screen Hoyts Cinema opened on levels 3 and 4.[42] The opening of the cinema resulted in the closure of the Hoyts Cinema complex on Bourke Street.[43][44] The rest of Level 3 including the Melbourne Central Lion Hotel, entertainment venues and various restaurants and bars had opened up by the end of 2005. The Kingpin Bowling Alley (which operated until 2009) opened in 2006.[40]
A vertical garden was installed on the side of the Coop's Shot Tower as part of the Melbourne International Design Festival in July 2008. Pioneered by internationally renowned French artist and scientist, Patrick Blanc, the garden had no soil and was attached to the wall using PVC plastic.[45] However, the running cost proved expensive and it was replaced with an advertising billboard in 2013.[46]
2010s
On 23 June 2010 plans for a $75 million redevelopment were unveiled by GPT. It was done in two stages and designed by the same Ashton Raggatt McDougall Architects from its 2002 - 2005 redevelopment.[12][47]
The first stage of the $75 million redevelopment started in September 2010 at a cost of $30 million. This development involved the closure and relocation of the Level 2 'Food on Two' food court.[48]
In late March 2011, a large food court known as the 'Dining Hall' opened on the former space of Freedom Furniture on level two.[49] The new food court contains 16 diverse range of food outlets including fast food options such as McDonald's to local individual outlets.[50] A new entrance at Elizabeth Street provided access to the food court from the street and created another cross-block connection through the centre.[51][48]
In August 2011, a new fashion precinct on the north-eastern side of the centre known as 'The Corner' opened. The Corner contains a mix of international and local urban fashion and lifestyle brands including Nike, Glue, Hype DC, Jeanswest and a Converse flagship store.[52] The Glue store opened on 13 December 2011 on the space of the former 'Food on Two' food court. A new side entrance from the corner of Swanston and La Trobe Street provided access to The Corner from the street. The entrance to The Corner is marked by a unique new architectural feature feature known as 'The Tree' was added and is designated as an iconic Melbourne meeting point.[53]
The second stage of the $75 million redevelopment was to add a third level of shops to the Lonsdale Street building. However this plan was subject to further investigation and this stage never got developed past the planning stage.[47][12]
On 26 April 2012 Strike Bowling opened its venue on level three on the former Kingpin Bowling space. The opening was promoted with a VIP launch party and a social media-driven stunt where the Strike Bowling social media manager was lifted by helium balloons in the shopping centre with more helium added for each engagement on social platforms.[54]
In late 2017, JB Hi-Fi opened its store on level one.[55]
On 20 August 2018, Funlab opened its B. Lucky & Sons on level three which is a gaming arcade, cocktail bar and a pawnshop.[56]
On 27 May 2019 a new 2500m² dining space on the corner of Elizebeth and La Trobe Streets opened. Known as ELLA, where Elizabeth Street meets La Trobe Street is where the name comes from. ELLA is based off the high-end food offerings found in Asia’s train stations. Six restaurants opened as part of the first phase of ELLA.[57] ELLA also features a mural wall that will feature new street art designed by local artists and a crowdDJ touch screen jukebox that patrons can use to play music.[58][59] Phase two of ELLA opened on 27 June with four more outlets opened.[60][61] The final restaurant to open in ELLA opened on 6 July 2020 which brought the total amount of food and drink outlets to 20.[62][63]
2020s
During the COVID-19 restrictions in 2020, Melbourne Central underwent a $2 million refurbishment of the lower ground level food court known as 'The Eatery'. The refurbishment included new flooring and a feature ceiling, new joinery, an overlay of contemporary lighting and new furniture. This refurbishment was completed in June 2020.[64][65]
On 7 May 2022, a 559m² LEGO Certified Store opened on the former Glue store space on level two. The store features a five metre long Lego model of a Route Number 96 Melbourne tram, made from 651,489 bricks, a Minifigure station where you can create your own Lego Minifigures and a mosaic maker.[66][67][68]
On 15 November 2023, Australia's first 1700m² Monopoly Dreams indoor theme park opened on the lower ground level. It features two distinct areas: Monopoly City and Monopoly Mansion and is set across the two zones which are inspired by Melbourne's trams and street art culture with a total of 15 attractions, including a 4D theatre and a chance wheel. Monopoly Dreams also contains a cafe and a retail store.[69][70][71]
Criticism
During the early stages of planning in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the lack of certainty on the site's future was criticised by some existing property owners, residents and business operators due to the perceived negative impact on land values.[6] Confirmed design intentions were not publicly revealed until 1985 following a lengthy tender evaluation and committee process.[6] There was criticism throughout the design and construction phases of the complex's impacts on heritage and neighbourhood character. At the time of its early planning the prevailing attitude from government planners was that the traditional layout of the central city with small laneways and buildings was old-fashioned and not suited to a modern metropolis. This was reflected in the final design of the complex as a single building using almost an entire city block.[6] As a result, four laneways and many other buildings were demolished to make way for the new structures.[72]
Although generally acknowledged as a successful design and development,[6] several groups and individuals criticised certain aspects of the building. For example, the Victorian Chamber of Commerce, National Trust of Australia and heritage preservation groups opposed the link bridges between Melbourne Central and the Myer department store on the grounds that it would discourage people from walking at street level and reduce patronage to smaller businesses.[73]
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Future
On 28 May 2019, GPT Group proposed to build a 12-storey timber office building on top of Melbourne Central on Lonsdale Street.[74][75] The 12-storey office building will be known as 'Frame' and feature 19,400m² of office space with a "hotel inspired sky lobby" on levels five and six. Frame will also feature an elevated garden, two new retail levels that transition into the existing centre, new rooftop space and a new dining precinct.[76] Drewery Place will be refurbished into becoming another entry for the commercial tower featuring a small cafe with the rooftop to face north and have views of the iconic Melbourne Central cone.[77][78] However due to the COVID-19 pandemic this proposal was put on hold on 30 April 2020.[79]
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Complex
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Office tower
The Melbourne Central Office Tower tops out at 210 metres (690 ft) with 57 storeys, 46 of which are for office use. Currently it is occupied by ME Bank replacing space previously tenanted by BP and Telstra.[80][81] Several Australian and Victorian Government departments and agencies maintain spaces in the tower including Creative Australia, the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts and the Victorian Energy & Water Ombudsman. Other tenants include Wilson Parking, Nordex and Pacific Basin Shipping Limited[82] The tower is owned by GPT Wholesale Office Fund[83] and the tower structure is approximately 210 metres (690 ft) tall. Including the two 54-metre (177 ft) communications masts that extend a further 35 metres (115 ft) above the apex, the tower is 246 metres (807 ft) tall.[84]
Tenants
Melbourne Central has 55,700m² of space. The major retailers include Coles Central, Cotton On, LEGO Certified Store, JB Hi-Fi, B. Lucky & Sons, Fitness First, Melbourne Lion Hotel, Monopoly Dreams, Strike Bowling Bar and Hoyts Cinema
Transport
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The centre is integrated into the Melbourne Central railway station which operates metropolitan trains. Surrounding tram and bus stops also provide public transport access to the complex.
Yarra Trams operates thirteen services via Melbourne Central station, on Swanston, Elizabeth, and La Trobe Streets.
Swanston Street
: East Coburg – South Melbourne Beach[85]
: Melbourne University – East Malvern[86]
: Melbourne University – Malvern[87]
: Moreland – Glen Iris[88]
: Melbourne University – Kew[89]
: Melbourne University – East Brighton[90]
: Melbourne University – Carnegie[91]
: Melbourne University – Camberwell[92]
Elizabeth Street
: North Coburg – Flinders Street Station[93]
: West Maribyrnong – Flinders Street Station[94]
: Airport West – Flinders Street Station[95]
La Trobe Street
Kinetic Melbourne operates four bus routes from Lonsdale Street (Melbourne Central side), under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
- 200 : to Bulleen[98]
- 207 : to Westfield Doncaster[99]
- 250 : to La Trobe University Bundoora campus[100]
- 251 : to Northland Shopping Centre[101]
Kinetic Melbourne operates thirteen bus routes from Lonsdale Street (Myer side), under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
- 250 : to Queen Street[100]
- 251 : to Queen Street[101]
- 302 : to Queen Street[102]
- 303 : to Queen Street[103]
- 304 : to King Street[104]
- 305 : to Spencer Street (Peak Hour only)[105]
- 309 : to Queen Street[106]
- 318 : to Spencer Street[107]
- 350 : to Queen Street[108]
- SmartBus 905 : to Spencer Street[109]
- SmartBus 906 : to Spencer Street[110]
- SmartBus 907 : to Spencer Street[111]
- SmartBus 908 : to Spencer Street (Peak Hour only)[112]
Kinetic Melbourne operates eleven bus routes from Swanston/Lonsdale Streets (QV), under contract to Public Transport Victoria:
- 302 : to Box Hill station[102]
- 303 : to Ringwood North[103]
- 304 : to Westfield Doncaster[104]
- 305 : to The Pines Shopping Centre (Peak Hour only)[105]
- 309 : to Donvale[106]
- 318 : to Deep Creek Reserve (Doncaster East)[107]
- 350 : to La Trobe University Bundoora campus[108]
- SmartBus 905 : to The Pines Shopping Centre[109]
- SmartBus 906 : to Warrandyte[110]
- SmartBus 907 : to Mitcham station[111]
- SmartBus 908 : to The Pines Shopping Centre (Peak Hour only)[112]
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Gallery
Main entrance podium, corner La Trobe and Swanston Streets after re-development.
Melbourne Central, Lonsdale Street entrance, below bridge to Myer Melbourne.
Underneath the iconic glass cone
Food On 2 level Food Court
Various floors in central area. (2010)
The Marionette Watch
Photo of the Basement level in Melbourne Central looking towards Melbourne Central Station after refurbishment.
See also
References
Notes
External links
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