Mishar Tatar dialect

Mishar Tatar or Western Tatar (Мишәр, Mişär / Mişər, Мишәр Татар, Mişär / Mişər Tatar,^[1] көнбатыш татар, könbatış tatar) is a dialect of Tatar spoken by Mishar Tatars, mainly in Penza, Ulyanovsk, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Volgograd, and Saratov oblasts of Russia, in Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Chuvashia and Mordovia, and also in Finland.

Mishar Tatar
Western Tatar
Мишәр Татар, Mişär Tatar, Mişər Tatar көнбатыш татар, könbatış tatar
Pronunciation	[miʃær tatar]
Native to	Russia, Finland
Region	Mordovia, Penza, Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan, Orenburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Chuvashia, Bashkortostan, Samara, Volgograd, Saratov
Ethnicity	Mishar Tatars
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Kipchak Kipchak–Bulgar or Kipchak-Cuman Tatar? Mishar Tatar
Writing system	Cyrillic, Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	west2405

Some linguists (Radlov, Samoylovich) think that Mishar belongs to the Kipchak-Cuman group of languages rather than to the Kipchak-Bulgar group.^[2] Especially the regional dialect of Sergachsky district (Nizhny Novgorod) is said to be faithfully close to the ancient Kipchak language. Increased contacts with Kazan Tatars have lessened these differences.^[3]

Mishar is the dialect spoken by the Tatar minority of Finland. The origins of the Tatar community living in Finland rest upon the merchants coming from the villages of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (then-Governorate).^[4]

Dialects

Bulat Shaymi comparing the Kazan and Mishar dialects (2024).

Finnish Mishar Tatar artist Aisa Hakimcan, born in Sergachsky district in 1896, speaking in 1952. (four samples).

Mishar Tatar dialects (сөйләшлер) are according to Makhmutova two (Ch and Ts)^[5] or according to Gabdulkhay Akhatov three (Ch, Ts and mixed)^[6] groups.

In the Western (Mişär) dialect Ç is pronounced [tʃ] (southern or Lambir Mişärs) and as [ts] (northern Mişärs or Nizhgars). C is pronounced [dʒ]. There are no differences between v and w, q and k, g and ğ in the Mişär dialect. The Cyrillic alphabet doesn't have special letters for q, ğ and w, so Mişär speakers have no difficulty reading Tatar written in Cyrillic.

Classification of Mishar Tatar dialects:

• Ch-dialects or Southern Mishar: пытчак, pıtçak < Kazan пычак, pıçak (knife)
  • Temnikovsky dialect — western rayons (esp. Temnikovsky) of Mordovia, south-eastern part of Penza oblast.
  • Lyambirsky dialect — eastern part (esp. Lyambirsky) of Mordovia.
  • Bashkortostan dialect — Birsk, Karaidelsky, Mishkinsky rayons of Bashkortostan.
  • Sharlyk dialect — Sharlyk of Orenburg oblast.
  • Orenburg dialect — Orenburg oblast.
  • Dialects of Volgograd and Saratov oblasts.
  • Kuznetsk dialect — Kuznetsk of Penza oblast. A mixed dialect by Akhatov.
  • Khvalynsk dialect — south Ulyanovsk oblast (Khvalynsk). A mixed dialect by Akhatov.
• Ts-dialects or Northern Mishar: пыцак, pıtsak < Kazan пычак, pıçak (knife)
  • Sergachsky dialect — Sergachsky of Nizhny Novgorod oblast.
  • Drozhzhanovsky dialect — Drozhzhanovsky rayon of Tatarstan and Chuvashia
  • Chistopolsky dialect (mixed) — Chistopolsky of Tatarstan and Samara oblast.
  • Melekessky dialect (contingently) — northern rayons (esp. Melekessky) of Ulyanovsk oblast.