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National anthem of Azerbaijan
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The State Anthem of the Republic of Azerbaijan[a],[1] also referred to as "Azərbaycan marşı"[b] is the national anthem of Azerbaijan. The music was composed by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, a musicologist and prominent figure in Azerbaijani classical music. The lyrics, written in 1919, are largely attributed to poet Ahmad Javad; however, the lyrics have also been attributed to poet and educator Jamo bey Jabrayilbeyli.[2] In 1992, after the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan's government officially adopted "Azərbaycan Marşı" as the national anthem.[3][4]
The Azerbaijan government has also officially declared the national anthem to be "the sacred symbol of the Azerbaijan state, its independence and unity."[3]
Since 2006, a fragment of the lyrics is depicted on the obverse of the 5 manat banknote.[5] In 2011, to mark the 20th anniversary of independence, a stamp featuring the lyrics was issued.
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History
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Composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov (left) and lyricist Ahmad Javad (right)
In 1919, during the formation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the new government announced it was accepting submissions from the public for a national anthem, coat of arms and state seal. A prize of 15,000 rubles would be awarded to the citizen who submitted the winning anthem.[6]
Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov wrote two marches. In 1919, this work received the first award announced by the government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.[7] The second march was the "March of Azerbaijan." According to Turkish musicologist Etem Üngör, "In those years, when Azerbaijan had not yet lost its independence, the march was chanted by military schools before lessons."[8]
In 1922, Azerbaijan SSR adopted the Soviet communist anthem "The Internationale". In 1944, during World War II, the new Soviet national anthem replaced "The Internationale" and an additional anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was installed.
In 1989, following several years of changes brought by perestroika, composer Aydin Azimov arranged a modern recording of the anthem by a full symphony and chorus. That fall, "Azərbaycan marşı" was broadcast on television and radios in Azerbaijan, 70 years after it was introduced.[6]
Post-Soviet restoration
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in spring 1992, the leaders of the independent Azerbaijani government proposed that the original anthem should be restored as the anthem of Azerbaijan. The Milli Mejlis (National Assembly) signed it into law on 27 May 1992.[4]
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Lyrics
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Current official
English Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The anthem is usually performed in A, D, and G minor.
In other scripts
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Regulations
Regulations for the performance of the national anthem are set forth in the law signed by President Heydar Aliyev in 1996. While a performance of the anthem may include only music, only words, or a combination of both, the anthem must be performed using the official music and words prescribed by law. Once a performance has been recorded, it may be used for any purpose, such as in a radio or television broadcast.[citation needed]
Musical adaptations
In 2012, Philip Sheppard with the London Philharmonic Orchestra recorded the anthem for the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.[12]
Notes
- Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Himni
- pronounced [ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn mɑɾˈʃɯ]; lit. 'Azerbaijan March'
- See Help:IPA/Azerbaijani, Azerbaijani phonology and their sources.
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External links
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