Neurogranin

Neurogranin is a calmodulin-binding protein expressed primarily in the brain, particularly in dendritic spines, and participating in the protein kinase C signaling pathway. Neurogranin has recently been found in aortic endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes.^[5][6] Neurogranin is the main postsynaptic protein regulating the availability of calmodulin, binding to it in the absence of calcium. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C lowers its binding ability. NRGN gene expression is controlled by thyroid hormones.^[7] Human neurogranin consists of 78 amino acids.

NRGN
Identifiers
Aliases	NRGN, RC3, hng, neurogranin
External IDs	OMIM: 602350; MGI: 1927184; HomoloGene: 136802; GeneCards: NRGN; OMA:NRGN - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11q24.2 Start 124,739,942 bp[1] End 124,747,210 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 A4|9 20.78 cM Start 37,455,788 bp[2] End 37,464,200 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Brodmann area 10 frontal pole Brodmann area 46 cingulate gyrus anterior cingulate cortex caudate nucleus putamen dorsolateral prefrontal cortex parietal lobe orbitofrontal cortex Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus primary visual cortex dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell primary motor cortex piriform cortex prefrontal cortex CA3 field entorhinal cortex inferior colliculi subiculum More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function phosphatidic acid binding phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding calmodulin binding Cellular component cytoplasm axon trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane soma dendrite synapse dendritic spine head mitochondrial membranes nucleus postsynaptic density postsynaptic membrane postsynapse glutamatergic synapse cytosol Biological process telencephalon development associative learning positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation signal transduction nervous system development postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4900 64011 Ensembl ENSG00000154146 ENSMUSG00000053310 UniProt Q92686 P60761 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006176 NM_001126181 NM_022029 RefSeq (protein) NP_001119653 NP_006167 NP_071312 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 124.74 – 124.75 Mb Chr 9: 37.46 – 37.46 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3)
Identifiers
Symbol	NRGN
NCBI gene	4900
HGNC	8000
OMIM	602350
RefSeq	NM_006176
UniProt	Q92686
Other data
Locus	Chr. 11 q24
Search for Structures Swiss-model Domains InterPro

One study tells of potential link of neurogranin gene to the heightened risk of schizophrenia in males,^[8] another study gives evidence of lowered neurogranin immunoreactivity in the brains of people suffering from schizophrenia.^[9]

Neurogranin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is further discussed as marker for synaptic dysfunction in age-related neurodegeneration.^[10] It has also been shown to be specifically increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease.^[11][12] Especially, the ratio of CSF neurogranin trunc P75 and the beta-secretase BACE1 is suggested as a potential marker for cognitive deterioration in the progress of Alzheimer's disease.^[13]

Prior to its identification in the bovine and rat brain in 1991,^[14] neurogranin was known as a putative protein kinase C-phosphorylated protein named p17. Human neurogranin was cloned in 1997 and turned out to be 96% identical to the rat protein.^[15]