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Neuropeptide S
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas.[5][6][7] NPS binds specifically to a G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR.[8][9] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness[10] and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway,[17] and inhibits motility and increases permeability in neurocrine fashion acting through NO in the myenteric plexus in rats and humans.[18]
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Synthetic ligands
The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic.[19] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.[20][21][22][23][24]
Peptide sequence
Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:
According to Pfam's HMM logo, there is a conserved "KR" cleave site immediately N-terminal to the C-terminal mature peptide.
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References
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