Next Japanese general election

General elections are scheduled to be held in Japan no later than 27 October 2028 to elect all 465 seats of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet. Voting will take place in all constituencies, including 289 single-seat electoral districts and 11 proportional blocks (176 seats).^[1]

Next Japanese general election

← 2024 By 27 October 2028
All 465 seats in the House of Representatives 233 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Leader Shigeru Ishiba Yoshihiko Noda Hirofumi Yoshimura Fumitake Fujita Party LDP CDP Ishin Leader since 27 September 2024 23 September 2024 1 December 2024 Leader's seat Tottori 1st Chiba 14th N/A[a] Osaka 12th Last election 191 seats 148 seats 38 seats Current seats 191 148 38 Seats needed 42 85 195   Leader Yuichiro Tamaki Tetsuo Saito Tarō Yamamoto Party DPP Komeito Reiwa Leader since 4 December 2024 9 November 2024 1 April 2019 Leader's seat Kagawa 2nd Hiroshima 3rd Did not stand[b] Last election 28 seats 24 seats 9 seats Current seats 28 24 9 Seats needed 205 209 224   Leader Tomoko Tamura Sohei Kamiya Naoki Hyakuta Party JCP Sanseitō CPJ Leader since 18 January 2024[c] 30 August 2023 1 September 2023 Leader's seat Tokyo PR block Did not stand[b] Did not stand[b] Last election 8 seats 3 seats 3 seats Current seats 8 3 3 Seats needed 225 230 230
Districts and PR districts, shaded according to winners' vote strength
Incumbent Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba LDP

The 2024 general election resulted in a hung parliament and the formation of a minority government based upon a Liberal Democratic Party-Komeito coalition under Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. An election may occur before the scheduled date if the Prime Minister dissolves Parliament for a snap election or if the House of Representatives passes a motion of no confidence in the government. Early elections are more likely during minority governments, as the Prime Minister does not command a majority in the House of Representatives and House of Councillors.

Background

The 2024 general election resulted in the loss of majority of the Liberal Democratic Party-Komeito governing coalition under Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba.^[2]

Electoral system

The 465 seats of the House of Representatives are contested via parallel voting. Of these, 289 members are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting, while 176 members are elected in 11 multi-member constituencies via party list proportional representation. Candidates from parties with legal political party-list, which requires either ≥5 Diet members or ≥1 Diet member and ≥2% of the nationwide vote in one tier of a recent national election, are allowed to stand in a constituency and be present on the party list. If they lose their constituency vote, they may still be elected in the proportionally allocated seats. However, if such a dual candidate wins less than 10% of the vote in their majoritarian constituency, they are also disqualified as a proportional candidate.

Political parties

See also: List of political parties in Japan

Parties		Leader(s)	Ideology		Seats		Status
					Last election	Current
	Liberal Democratic Party	Shigeru Ishiba	Conservatism Japanese nationalism		191 / 465	191 / 465	Governing coalition
	Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan	Yoshihiko Noda	Liberalism		148 / 465	148 / 465	Opposition
	Japan Innovation Party	Hirofumi Yoshimura Fumitake Fujita	Conservatism Right-wing populism		38 / 465	38 / 465
	Democratic Party For the People	Motohisa Furukawa	Conservatism		28 / 465	28 / 465
	Komeito	Tetsuo Saito	Social conservatism Buddhist democracy		24 / 465	24 / 465	Governing coalition
	Reiwa Shinsengumi	Tarō Yamamoto	Progressivism Left-wing populism		9 / 465	9 / 465	Opposition
	Japanese Communist Party	Tomoko Tamura	Communism		8 / 465	8 / 465
	Sanseitō	Sohei Kamiya	Right-wing populism Ultraconservatism		3 / 465	3 / 465
	Conservative Party of Japan	Naoki Hyakuta	Right-wing populism Ultranationalism		3 / 465	3 / 465
	Social Democratic Party	Mizuho Fukushima	Social democracy		1 / 465	1 / 465
	Independents and others	—	—		12 / 465	12 / 465	Mixed[d]

Opinion polling

Main article: Opinion polling for the next Japanese general election

LOESS curve of the party identification polling for the next Japanese general election with a 7-day average

Notes

1. Currently serves as the Governor of Osaka Prefecture.
2. A Member of the House of Councillors.
3. As the party's chairperson.
4. Of the 12 independents, six are in government through caucusing with the LDP, while six are in the opposition (four in Yūshi no Kai, two not in any caucus).