Nineteen Articles

The Nineteen Articles^[3] (simplified Chinese: 十九信条; traditional Chinese: 十九信條), officially the Nineteen Major Articles of Good Faith on the Constitution^[4] (simplified Chinese: 宪法重大信条十九条; traditional Chinese: 憲法重大信條十九條), also known as the Doctrine of Nineteen Articles^[5] and 19 Fundamental Articles,^[6] was a constitutional document,^[7] and the only constitution of the late Qing dynasty,^[8] which was promulgated by the Qing government on 3 November 1911.^[9]

Nineteen Articles

SC	十九信条
TC	十九信條
Promulgated on	3 November 1911[1]
Type	Constitutional document[2]
Country	Qing China

The purpose of Nineteen Articles was to establish a British-style system of ministerial responsibility, and reconstitute the Qing government as a constitutional monarchy.^[10] These articles restrained the power of the emperor and expanded the power of the congress. However, after only 3 months (February 1912) the monarchy was abolished following the end of the Xinhai Revolution.^[11]

See also

• Preparative Constitutionalism
• Principles of the Constitution (1908)