Niobium perchlorate

Niobium perchlorate, or more precisely niobium(V) perchlorate, is a chemical compound with the formula Nb(ClO₄)₅. It is a hygroscopic, white crystalline solid that readily reacts with moist air or water to produce niobium(V) oxide.^[1][2]

Niobium(V) perchlorate

Names
Other names Niobium(V) perchlorate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
InChI InChI=1S/5ClHO4.Nb/c5*2-1(3,4)5;/h5*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;;;;+5/p-5 Key: CVPZOZZKOZLDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-I
SMILES O=Cl(=O)(=O)O[Nb](OCl(=O)(=O)=O)(OCl(=O)(=O)=O)(OCl(=O)(=O)=O)OCl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Nb(ClO4)5
Molar mass	590.14 g·mol−1
Appearance	White crystals
Melting point	70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)[1] (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Reacts[1]
Related compounds
Other cations	Vanadyl perchlorate Tantalum(V) perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Synthesis and reactions

Niobium(V) perchlorate is produced from the reaction of niobium pentachloride and anhydrous perchloric acid:^[1]

NbCl₅ + 5 HClO₄ → Nb(ClO₄)₅ + 5 HCl

It decomposes at 70 °C (343 K; 158 °F) to niobyl perchlorate, releasing dichlorine heptoxide:^[1]

Nb(ClO₄)₅ → NbO(ClO₄)₃ + Cl₂O₇

Niobyl perchlorate further decomposes at 115 °C (388 K; 239 °F) to NbO₂ClO₄ (niobium(V) dioxide perchlorate), which decomposes at 220 °C (493 K; 428 °F) to niobium pentoxide.^[1]

Perchloratoniobates, such as Cs⁺[Nb(ClO₄)₆]⁻ (caesium hexaperchloratoniobate(V)) and (Cs⁺)₂[Nb(ClO₄)₇]²⁻ (caesium heptaperchloratoniobate(V)), are produced by the reaction of perchlorate sources, such as cesium perchlorate and niobium perchlorate, in anhydrous perchloric acid at 0 °C (273 K; 32 °F).^[1]

Structure

Although the structure of niobium(V) perchlorate has not been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the structure has been probed by IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. Niobium(V) perchlorate has both monodentate and bidentate perchlorate ligands.^[1]