PARD6A

Partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARD6A gene.^[5][6][7]

PARD6A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1WMH
Identifiers
Aliases	PARD6A, PAR-6A, PAR6, PAR6C, PAR6alpha, TAX40, TIP-40, par-6 family cell polarity regulator alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 607484; MGI: 1927223; HomoloGene: 9661; GeneCards: PARD6A; OMA:PARD6A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q22.1 Start 67,660,946 bp[1] End 67,662,774 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8|8 D3 Start 106,427,780 bp[2] End 106,430,128 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right hemisphere of cerebellum prefrontal cortex sperm right frontal lobe paraflocculus of cerebellum right testis glutes frontal pole left testis triceps brachii muscle Top expressed in lobe of cerebellum cerebellar vermis spermatocyte seminiferous tubule spermatid pontine nuclei primary oocyte medial vestibular nucleus deep cerebellar nuclei visual cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transcription factor binding GTP-dependent protein binding protein binding protein kinase C binding Cellular component cytosol cell projection membrane bicellular tight junction ruffle plasma membrane cell cortex nucleus cytoplasm centrosome microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton cell junction centriolar satellite protein-containing complex apical plasma membrane Biological process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation cell division cell-cell junction maintenance bicellular tight junction assembly cell cycle viral process transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway positive regulation of protein localization to centrosome centrosome cycle establishment or maintenance of cell polarity regulation of cellular localization positive regulation of protein secretion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 50855 56513 Ensembl ENSG00000102981 ENSMUSG00000005699 UniProt Q9NPB6 Q9Z101 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001037281 NM_016948 NM_001047435 NM_001047436 NM_001286344 NM_001286345 NM_019695 RefSeq (protein) NP_001032358 NP_058644 NP_001040900 NP_001040901 NP_001273273 NP_001273274 NP_062669 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 67.66 – 67.66 Mb Chr 8: 106.43 – 106.43 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cell membrane protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. The protein also has a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that characterizes the invasive phenotype associated with metastatic carcinomas. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.^[7]

A recent study shows that Par6 associates with PKC-ι but not with PKC-zeta in melanoma. Oncogenic PKC-iota can promote melanoma cell invasion by up-regulating PKC-ι/Par6 pathway during EMT. PKC-ι inhibition or knockdown resulted an increase E-cadherin and RhoA levels while decreasing total Vimentin, phophorylated Vimentin (S39) and Par6 in metastatic melanoma cells. These results suggested that PKC-ι is involved in signaling pathways which upregulate EMT in melanoma.^[8]

Interactions

PARD6A has been shown to interact with:

• CDC42,^[6][9][10]
• ECT2^[11]
• Protein kinase Mζ,^[6][11][12] and
• RAC1.^[6][10]
• Protein kinase C-ι.^[8]