PLA2G4A

Cytosolic phospholipase A₂ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4A gene.^[5][6]

PLA2G4A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BCI, 1CJY, 1RLW
Identifiers
Aliases	PLA2G4A, PLA2G4, cPLA2-alpha, cPLA2, phospholipase A2 group IVA, GURDP
External IDs	OMIM: 600522; MGI: 1195256; HomoloGene: 32059; GeneCards: PLA2G4A; OMA:PLA2G4A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q31.1 Start 186,828,949 bp[1] End 186,988,981 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 G1|1 63.51 cM Start 149,705,369 bp[2] End 149,837,041 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in seminal vesicula cartilage tissue right uterine tube urinary bladder caput epididymis mucosa of urinary bladder germinal epithelium Achilles tendon parietal pleura jejunal mucosa Top expressed in epithelium of lens mucous cell of stomach urothelium cervix epithelium of stomach transitional epithelium of urinary bladder Paneth cell cumulus cell gastrula iris More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function metal ion binding calcium ion binding hydrolase activity calcium-dependent phospholipid binding phospholipase activity phospholipase A2 activity phospholipase A1 activity lysophospholipase activity calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity Cellular component Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum membrane cytoplasmic vesicle mitochondrial inner membrane cytoplasm lipid droplet cytosol nucleus Biological process phospholipid metabolic process phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling platelet activating factor biosynthetic process arachidonic acid secretion icosanoid metabolic process lipid metabolism phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling phospholipid catabolic process phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling cellular response to antibiotic lipid catabolic process phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling metabolism regulation of cell population proliferation phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling icosanoid biosynthetic process arachidonic acid metabolic process glycerophospholipid catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5321 18783 Ensembl ENSG00000116711 ENSMUSG00000056220 UniProt P47712 P47713 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001311193 NM_024420 NM_008869 NM_001305632 RefSeq (protein) NP_001298122 NP_077734 NP_001292561 NP_032895 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 186.83 – 186.99 Mb Chr 1: 149.71 – 149.84 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A₂ group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca²⁺ levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles.^[6]

Interactions

PLA2G4A has been shown to interact with histone acetyltransferase KAT5.^[7]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with multifocal stenosing ulceration of the small intestine.^[8]