PPM1A

Protein phosphatase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPM1A gene.^[5][6]

PPM1A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1A6Q, 3FXJ, 3FXK, 3FXL, 3FXM, 3FXO, 4RA2, 4RAF, 4RAG
Identifiers
Aliases	PPM1A, PP2C-ALPHA, PP2CA, PP2Calpha, protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A
External IDs	OMIM: 606108; MGI: 99878; HomoloGene: 56428; GeneCards: PPM1A; OMA:PPM1A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q23.1 Start 60,245,752 bp[1] End 60,299,087 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12|12 C3 Start 72,757,455 bp[2] End 72,799,819 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm oocyte biceps brachii secondary oocyte Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii jejunal mucosa amniotic fluid parotid gland left testis glutes Top expressed in muscle of thigh morula substantia nigra otic placode spermatid neural layer of retina dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell triceps brachii muscle digastric muscle superior frontal gyrus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function R-SMAD binding phosphoprotein phosphatase activity manganese ion binding protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity signal transducer activity metal ion binding catalytic activity protein binding cation binding hydrolase activity magnesium ion binding Cellular component cytoplasm membrane nucleoplasm nucleus cytosol plasma membrane Biological process cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation negative regulation of SMAD protein complex assembly protein dephosphorylation negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway Wnt signaling pathway negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway positive regulation of protein export from nucleus positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated N-terminal protein myristoylation positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling dephosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5494 19042 Ensembl ENSG00000100614 ENSMUSG00000021096 UniProt P35813 P49443 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021003 NM_177951 NM_177952 NM_008910 RefSeq (protein) NP_066283 NP_808820 NP_808821 NP_032936 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 60.25 – 60.3 Mb Chr 12: 72.76 – 72.8 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the PP2C family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. PP2C family members are known to be negative regulators of cell stress response pathways. This phosphatase dephosphorylates, and negatively regulates the activities of, MAP kinases and MAP kinase kinases. It has been shown to inhibit the activation of p38 and JNK kinase cascades induced by environmental stresses. This phosphatase can also dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases, and thus may be involved in cell cycle control. Overexpression of this phosphatase is reported to activate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene TP53/p53, which leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been described.^[6]

Interactions

PPM1A has been shown to interact with Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3.^[7] In 2006, Dr. Feng found that PPM1A can terminate TGF-beta signaling by inactivating Smad3 via dephosphorylation. Smad3 is an essential component of the TGF-beta signalling pathway.