PTPRD

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRD gene.^[5][6][7]

PTPRD
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1X5Z, 2DLH, 2YD6, 2YD7, 4RCA
Identifiers
Aliases	PTPRD, HPTP, HPTPD, HPTPDELTA, PTPD, RPTPDELTA, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type D, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D, R-PTP-delta
External IDs	OMIM: 601598; MGI: 97812; HomoloGene: 88669; GeneCards: PTPRD; OMA:PTPRD - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9p24.1-p23 Start 8,314,246 bp[1] End 10,613,002 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 C3|4 36.94 cM Start 75,941,238 bp[2] End 78,211,961 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right hemisphere of cerebellum C1 segment ganglionic eminence Brodmann area 9 prefrontal cortex right frontal lobe anterior cingulate cortex Descending thoracic aorta rectum hypothalamus Top expressed in saccule internal carotid artery external carotid artery facial motor nucleus anterior horn of spinal cord body of femur barrel cortex lateral geniculate nucleus substantia nigra epithelium of lens More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity protein tyrosine phosphatase activity hydrolase activity signaling receptor binding cell adhesion molecule binding phosphatase activity protein binding Cellular component extracellular exosome membrane integral component of membrane integral component of plasma membrane plasma membrane glutamatergic synapse Biological process presynaptic membrane assembly transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway neuron differentiation positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis protein dephosphorylation phosphate-containing compound metabolic process heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation positive regulation of synapse assembly regulation of postsynaptic density assembly trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex synaptic membrane adhesion regulation of presynapse assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5789 19266 Ensembl ENSG00000153707 ENSG00000282932 ENSMUSG00000028399 UniProt P23468 Q3KPI9 Q64487 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001040712 NM_001171025 NM_002839 NM_130391 NM_130392 NM_130393 NM_001377946 NM_001377947 NM_001377958 NM_001378058 NM_001014288 NM_011211 NM_001352628 NM_001352629 NM_001352630 NM_001368991 NM_001368992 NM_001368993 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035802 NP_001164496 NP_002830 NP_569075 NP_569076 NP_569077 NP_001364875 NP_001364876 NP_001364887 NP_001364987 NP_569077.2 NP_035341 NP_001339557 NP_001339558 NP_001339559 NP_001355920 NP_001355921 NP_001355922 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 8.31 – 10.61 Mb Chr 4: 75.94 – 78.21 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The extracellular region of this protein is composed of three Ig-like and eight fibronectin type III-like domains. Studies of the similar genes in chick and fly suggest the role of this PTP is in promoting neurite growth, and regulating neurons axon guidance. Multiple tissue specific alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported.^[7]

Ligand binding

PTPRD is the orexigenic receptor of asprosin, a hormone that is produced by the C-terminal cleavage of profibrillin from the FBN1 gene.^[8] In mice, asprosin acts on an olfactory receptor, Olfr734 in the liver to regulate its gluconeogenic effects.^[9] However, PTPRD has been identified as the neural receptor for asprosin. Genetic ablation of PTPRD results in extreme leanness and loss of appetite. More specifically, resistance to diet-induced obesity can occur through the loss of PTPRD in AgRP neurons.  When asprosin binds to PTPRD, this leads to the de-phosphorylation and de-activation of Stat3.^[8]

Clinical significance

PTPRD is highly expressed throughout the entire brain, especially in the cerebellum and cerebellar hemisphere. PTPRD is also highly expressed in the coronary arteries, the aorta, and the ovaries. Mutations in the PTPRD gene are also associated with autism,^[10] obsessive–compulsive disorder,^[11] and breast cancer.^[12]

Interactions

PTPRD has been shown to interact with PTPRS^[13] and liprin-alpha-1.^[14]