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Pansa
King of Suphannabhum in the 10th century From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pansa (Thai: พรรษา) is a mythical Suphannabhum monarch attested in the Thai Northern Royal Chronicle.[1]: 59 He is described as a son of the legendary King Balaraj,[1]: 59 who ruled Dvaravati’s Nakhon Pathom from 867 to 913,[2]: 31, 67 and was appointed at the age of 15 by his father as the first ruler of the newly established city on the left bank of the Tha Chin River, which was named Phanthumburi (พันธุมบุรี), identified with the area around the present-day Suphan Buri.[1]: 59 This settlement later developed into the principal city of the Suphannabhum Kingdom in the 10th century.[3]: 140 Borihan Thepthani proposes that Pansa may have relocated his seat to Mueang Uthong and designated it as Sri Ayodhya (ศรีอโยธยา).[2]: 39
The exact year of Pansa’s appointment as ruler of Suphan Buri is unclear,[1]: 59 as the chronological data preserved in the Northern Chronicle is considered by many Thai scholars to be highly distorted and therefore not possible to reconstruct with precision.[4] However, Borihan Thepthani provides the year of Pansa’s death, recorded as 1006,[2]: 34 from which a retrospective calculation suggests that his enthronement may have occurred in 916 and that he was born in 901. The chronicle further attributes to him a significant role in the promotion of Buddhism, particularly through the construction of two important temples, Wat Khao Phra Si Sanphetcharam and Wat Suan Luang (วัดสวนหลวง).[1]: 59
At the former seat, the Yonok Chronicle records that Pansa was likely succeeded by a Monic monarch Chandra Devaraja, but the nature of their familial relationship remains unknown. This succession is regarded as contemporaneous, at least in part, with the period between 927 and 946, during which Tambralinga, under Sujita and his son Kampoch, conducted military campaigns that extended their authority over several polities in the Menam Valley.[5]: 191 The chronicle further notes that Chandra Devaraja encountered external threats, which are plausibly associated with these Tambralinga incursions.[2]: 70
Pansa ruled for approximately 90 years,[1]: 59 beginning at Phanthumburi and later at Mueang Uthong, also known as Sri Ayodhya.[2]: 39 He died in 1006,[2]: 34 and was succeeded by Ramapandita, although their precise familial relationship is not recorded.[1]: 59 [2]: 42
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