Papyrus 23

Papyrus 23, also known as P. Oxy X 1229, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Epistle of James, surviving in a fragmentary condition containing only James 1:10-12,15-18. It is designated by the siglum 𝔓²³ in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it has been assigned to the early 3rd century.^[1]

Papyrus 𝔓²³

New Testament manuscript
James 1:15-18
Name	P. Oxy. X 1229
Text	James 1 †
Date	3rd century
Script	Greek
Found	Egypt
Now at	University of Illinois
Cite	B. P. Grenfell & A. S. Hunt, Oxyrynchus Papyri X, (London 1914), pp. 16-18
Size	12.1 x 11.2 cm
Type	Alexandrian text-type
Category	I

Description

The Nomina sacra are written fully, abbreviations are used only at the end of lines.^[2] There has been noticed the occurrence of the ungrammatical αποσκιασματος found also in Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in James 1:17. It is currently housed in the Spurlock Museum at the University of Illinois (G. P. 1229) in Urbana, Illinois.^[3][4][5]

Text

The Greek text of this codex is considered a representative of the Alexandrian text-type (or rather proto-Alexandrian). Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category I of his New Testament manuscript classification system.^[3] The manuscript displays the greatest textual agreement with codices Sinaticus (א), Alexandrinus, and Ephraemi, which represent the best text of the Catholic epistles, and then with Codex Vaticanus and 𝔓⁷⁴.^[1]

See also

• List of New Testament papyri