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Proto-Mienic language

Reconstructed ancestor of the Mienic languages From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Proto-Mienic or Proto-Yao (Chinese: 原始瑶语) is the reconstructed ancestor of the Mienic languages.

Quick Facts Reconstruction of, Reconstructedancestor ...

Reconstructions

Reconstructions of Proto-Mienic (Proto-Yao) include those of Purnell (1970),[1] L-Thongkum (1993),[2] Ratliff (2010),[3] and Liu (2021).[4]

Purnell (1970) and L-Thongkum (1993) do not include any data from the divergent Biao Min and Zao Min languages. Purnell's (1970) Proto-Yao reconstruction is based on Iu Mien (Chiengrai [Chiang Rai, in Hwei Kang Pa ห้วยก้างปลา], Hsing-an [Xing'an], and Taipan [Đại Bản 大板] dialects) and Kim Mun (Haininh [Quảng Ninh] and Ling-chun [Lingchuan] dialects).

Liu's (2021) Proto-Yao reconstruction is based on data from Iu Mien (Jiangdi 江底 and Miaoziyuan 庙子源 dialects), Biao Mwan (Luoxiang 罗香), Kim Mun (Liangzi 梁子 and Tansan 滩散 dialects), Biao Min (Dongshan 东山 and Shikou 石口 dialects), and Zao Min (Daping 大坪). More than 500 lexical items are reconstructed.[4]

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Phonology

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Consonants

Liu (2021:78-80) gives the following consonant inventory for Proto-Mienic.[4]

More information Labial, Alveolar ...

Initial consonants can be preglottalized, aspirated, or devoiced. Final consonants include /-p, -t, -k, -m, -n, -ŋ/.

Proposed velarization

Ostapirat (2016) proposes velarized initials in Proto-Mienic, which are not reconstructed by Liu (2021), Ratliff (2010), and others.[5] Below is a comparison of selected Proto-Mienic reconstructions with initial bilabial stops from Ostapirat (2016), Liu (2021), L-Thongkum (1993) ("Pre-Mjuenic" reconstructions), and Ratliff (2010).

More information Gloss, Ostapirat (2016) ...

Vowels

Liu (2021:165) reconstructs 8 Proto-Mienic vowels.

More information Front, Back ...

*ɛ only occurs as part of the rimes *-ɛːŋ and *-ɛk.

Liu (2021) reconstructs contrastive vowel length for Proto-Mienic.[4] However, L-Thongkum (1993) and Ratliff (2010) do not reconstruct vowel length for Proto-Mienic, as they consider vowel length in synchronic Mienic languages to be later prosodic developments.

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Sound correspondences

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Sound correspondences among the Mienic languages from Liu (2021):

Initials

Reflexes of Proto-Mienic initials in synchronic Mienic languages are as follows (Liu 2021). Prenasalized Pre-Mienic initials are reconstructed; these developed into certain preglottalized and aspirated Proto-Mienic initials.

More information Pre-Mienic, Jiangdi Mien ...

Rimes

Reflexes of Proto-Mienic rimes in synchronic Mienic languages (Liu 2021):

More information Jiangdi Mien, Miaoziyuan Mien ...

Tones

Proto-Mienic tonal categories and their respective tone pitch reflexes in synchronic Mienic languages (Liu 2021):

More information Jiangdi Mien, Miaoziyuan Mien ...
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Sound changes

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Sound change innovations in synchronic Mienic languages (Liu 2021:156–157, 228):

More information Reflex, Dialect ...
More information Reflex, Dialect ...
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Footnotes

  1. Loose sound correspondences; not exact
  2. Loose sound correspondences; not exact
  3. Attested in only one word, 'skin (皮)'
  4. Attested in only one word, 'pigeon (鸽子)'

See also

References

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