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Psalm 118
Psalm of the Book of Psalms in the Bible From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Psalm 118 is the 118th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in the English of the King James Version: "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever." The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 117. In Latin, it is known as "Confitemini Domino".[1] Its themes are thanksgiving to God and reliance on God rather than on human strength.
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.
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Theme and structure
This psalm is centered on God, in a movement that expresses gratitude, admiration, joy and praise. In the King James Version, the Lord is mentioned in almost every verse.
Uses
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New Testament
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Parts of this Psalm were extensively quoted by Jesus and writers of the New Testament.
- Verse 6 is quoted in Hebrews[2]
- Verses 22-23 are quoted in Matthew. Jesus said to them (the chief priests and the elders of the people), "Have you never read in the Scriptures: "'The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone; this was the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes'?" Opposition and difficulties are seen in this Psalm but in the midst of it God will display His salvation.[2]
- In the Gospels,[2] Jesus is welcomed on his triumphal entry into Jerusalem by crowds quoting verses 25-26:
Judaism
Psalm 118 is the last of the so-called Egyptian Hallel. It is read on the days of recitation of the hallel.
- It is one of six psalms (113-118) of which Hallel is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety, with the final ten verses being recited twice.[5]
- Verse 1 is recited by some following Psalm 126 preceding Birkat Hamazon.[6]
- Verse 5 is recited prior to the Shofar blowing on Rosh Hashanah.[7]
- Verses 5-9 are part of Tashlikh.[8]
- Verse 24 may be a source of the Israeli song Hava Nagila.
- Verse 25 is part of the long Tachanun recited on Mondays and Thursdays.[9]
- Verse 27 is the source to the name isru chag.[10]
Catholic Church
This text was chosen by Saint Benedict of Nursia towards 530, as the third psalm for the solemn office of Sunday Lauds (Rule of Saint Benedict, chapter XI10).[11]
Psalm 118 (117) is now read in the Liturgy of the Hours every Sunday of the first and third weeks, at the office of Sext.
Psalm 118 is also closely associated with Eastertide, and is typically sung at the Easter Vigil and morning Mass on Easter Sunday. The gradual for Easter is based on verse 24, Haec dies quam fecit Dominus. As a result, many compositions are based on this textual fragment.
Anglicanism
An extract from verse 23 is inscribed on several English coins, with the text of the Vulgate: a Domino factum est istud hoc est mirabile in oculis nostris. Upon her accession to the throne, Elizabeth I of England is said to have pronounced this same verse, also in Latin, as quoted in the New Testament: A Domino factum est illud et est mirabile in oculis nostris.[12]
Book of Common Prayer
In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the twenty-fourth day of the month,[13] as well as at Evensong on Easter Day.[14]
Coptic Orthodox Church
In the Agpeya, the Coptic Church's book of hours, this psalm is prayed in the office of Vespers[15] and the first watch of the Midnight office.[16]
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Musical settings
The hymn in German "Nun saget Dank und lobt den Herren" is a paraphrase of Psalm 118. It has been set to music by various composers.
Heinrich Schütz composed a metred paraphrase of the psalm in German, "Laßt uns Gott, unserm Herren", SWV 216, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.
The beginning of the psalm was set by Goran Trajkoski for a production, Eternal House, at the Macedonian National Theatre.[17]
The 22nd line of the Psalm is referenced in the opening theme to The Boondocks by the artist Asheru where the singer proclaims "I am the stone that the builder refused" in the very first line.[18]
The hymn, „Ihmadou al-rab (احمدوا الرب)” is written in Arabic to this psalm.
Text
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The following table shows the Hebrew text[19][20] of the Psalm with vowels, alongside the Koine Greek text in the Septuagint[21] and the English translation from the King James Version. Note that the meaning can slightly differ between these versions, as the Septuagint and the Masoretic text come from different textual traditions.[note 1] In the Septuagint, this psalm is numbered Psalm 117.
Verse 1
- Oh, give thanks to the Lord, for He is good!
- For His mercy endures forever.[22]
The same words appear in verse 29, where the psalm ends. These two verses have therefore been identified as an inclusio, possibly expressing the psalmist's intention.[23]
Verse 5
- I called on the Lord in distress;
- The Lord answered me and set me in a large place.[24]
Instead of "a large place" or "a broad place", many translations state the LORD "set me free".[25]
Verse 14
- The Lord is my strength and song,
- And He has become my salvation.[26]
These words are paralleled in the Song of Moses and are used by the prophet Isaiah.[27]
Most translations have translated zimrah as "song", its usual meaning. However, the Greek Septuagint translation of the parallel passage of Exodus 15:2 merely translated it as The Lord being "my protector", making no reference to song. Further, inscriptions in Ancient South Arabian, a dialect cognate of Biblical Hebrew, seem to sometimes use zimrah to mean "might" or "power", suggesting an alternative translation as "The Lord is my strength and might".[28]
Verse 22
- The stone which the builders rejected
- Has become the chief cornerstone.[29]
Verse 23
- This was the Lord’s doing;
- It is marvelous in our eyes.[30]
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Notes
- A 1917 translation directly from Hebrew to English by the Jewish Publication Society can be found here or here, and an 1844 translation directly from the Septuagint by L. C. L. Brenton can be found here. Both translations are in the public domain.
References
External links
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