Rhodamine 6G

Rhodamine 6G /ˈroʊdəmiːn/ is a highly fluorescent rhodamine family dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.

Rhodamine 6G

Rhodamine 6G (hydrochloride)
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 9-[2-(Ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-N-ethyl-6-(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-3-iminium chloride
Other names Rhodamine 590, R6G, Rh6G, C.I. Pigment Red 81, C.I. Pigment Red 169, Basic Rhodamine Yellow, C.I. 45160
Identifiers
CAS Number	989-38-8 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:52672
ChEMBL	ChEMBL402140 Y ChEMBL1185241 (base) Y
ChemSpider	16736263 Y
DrugBank	DB03825
ECHA InfoCard	100.012.350
EC Number	213-584-9
KEGG	C11177 Y
PubChem CID	65211
RTECS number	DH0175000
UNII	037VRW83CF Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1021243
InChI InChI=1S/C28H30N2O3.ClH/c1-6-29-23-15-25-21(13-17(23)4)27(19-11-9-10-12-20(19)28(31)32-8-3)22-14-18(5)24(30-7-2)16-26(22)33-25;/h9-16,29H,6-8H2,1-5H3;1H/b30-24-; Y Key: VYXSBFYARXAAKO-BXMGYBSLSA-N Y
Properties
Chemical formula	C28H31N2O3Cl
Molar mass	479.02 g/mol
Appearance	dark reddish purple, brown or black crystalline solid
Density	1.26 g/cm3 [citation needed]
Solubility in water	20 g/L (25 °C) [citation needed]
Solubility in methanol	400 g/L [citation needed]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H301, H302, H318, H410, H411
Precautionary statements	P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P391, P405, P501
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Forms

Rhodamine 6G chloride powder mixed with methanol, emitting yellow light under green laser illumination

Rhodamine 6G usually comes in three different forms. Rhodamine 6G chloride is a bronze/red powder with the chemical formula C₂₈H₃₁ClN₂O₃. Although highly soluble, this formulation is very corrosive to all metals except stainless steel. Other formulations are less soluble, but also less corrosive. Rhodamine 6G perchlorate (C₂₈H₃₁ClN₂O₇) comes in the form of red crystals, while rhodamine 6G tetrafluoroborate (C₂₈H₃₁BF₄N₂O₃) appears as maroon crystals.^[1]

Solubility

Butanol (40 g/L), ethanol (80 g/L), methanol (400 g/L), propanol (15 g/L), MEG (50 g/L), DEG ( 100 g/L), TEG (100 g/L), isopropanol (15 g/L), ethoxyethanol (25 g/L), methoxyethanol (50 g/L), dipropylene glycol (30 g/L), PEG (20 g/L).^[2]

Laser dye

Rhodamine 6G-based dye laser. The dye solution is the orange fluid in the tubes.

Rhodamine 6G is also used as a laser dye, or gain medium, in dye lasers,^[3][4] and is pumped by the second (532 nm) harmonic from an Nd:YAG laser, nitrogen laser, or argon ion laser.^[5] The dye has a remarkably high photostability, high fluorescence quantum yield (0.95^[6]), low cost, and its lasing range has close proximity to its absorption maximum (approximately 530 nm). The lasing range of the dye is 570 to 660 nm with a maximum at 590 nm.^[7]

Properties

The refractive index of Rhodamine 6G has been determined in recent studies. According to research published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces^[8] and the Refractive Index Database,^[9] the refractive index is 1.87 (k=0.79) for 532 nm wavelength.

See also

• Rhodamine
• Rhodamine B
• Dye laser
• Laser dyes