SOAT1

Not to be confused with Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase.

Sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1, also known as SOAT1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOAT1 gene.^[5]

SOAT1
Identifiers
Aliases	SOAT1, ACACT, ACAT, ACAT-1, ACAT1, SOAT, STAT, sterol O-acyltransferase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 102642; MGI: 104665; HomoloGene: 2333; GeneCards: SOAT1; OMA:SOAT1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q25.2 Start 179,293,714 bp[1] End 179,358,680 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 G3|1 67.71 cM Start 156,252,095 bp[2] End 156,301,901 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right adrenal cortex left adrenal cortex skin of thigh parotid gland bronchial epithelial cell endothelial cell visceral pleura monocyte islet of Langerhans ventricular zone Top expressed in cumulus cell lacrimal gland parotid gland ovary medullary collecting duct stroma of bone marrow lip decidua adrenal gland yolk sac More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity fatty-acyl-CoA binding sterol O-acyltransferase activity O-acyltransferase activity cholesterol binding protein binding acyltransferase activity cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum membrane Biological process steroid metabolic process macrophage derived foam cell differentiation lipid metabolism cholesterol metabolic process cholesterol esterification cholesterol storage cholesterol efflux positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly cholesterol homeostasis low-density lipoprotein particle clearance metabolism Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6646 20652 Ensembl ENSG00000057252 ENSMUSG00000026600 UniProt P35610 Q61263 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001252511 NM_001252512 NM_003101 NM_009230 RefSeq (protein) NP_001239440 NP_001239441 NP_003092 NP_033256 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 179.29 – 179.36 Mb Chr 1: 156.25 – 156.3 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesterol esters from cholesterol. Accumulation of cholesterol esters as cytoplasmic lipid droplets within macrophages and smooth muscle cells is a characteristic feature of the early stages of atherosclerotic plaques (Cadigan et al., 1988).^[5]

Structure and biogenesis

SOAT1 is a polytopic integral membrane protein belonging to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily. The structure of SOAT1 has not yet been solved but that of DltB, a bacterial MBOAT, suggests a complex arrangement of multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs).^[6] Primary sequences of predicted SOAT1 TMDs indicate many unusual TMD features such as the presence of multiple charged residues within the lipid bilayer.^[7] These features can render challenging the integration of a TMD into the hydrophobic phase of the membrane and might therefore require specialised chaperones. A first hint of such a chaperone assisting SOAT1 biogenesis has been the recognition of the involvement of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), a molecular chaperone and insertase for integral membrane proteins, in maintaining SOAT1 stability.^[8]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Statin pathway edit]]

Statin pathway edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

See also

• Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase