STC1

Stanniocalcin-1 is a glycoprotein, a homologue of a hormone stanniocalcin, first discovered in bony fishes. In humans it is encoded by the STC1 gene.^[5][6]

STC1
Identifiers
Aliases	STC1, STC, stanniocalcin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601185; MGI: 109131; HomoloGene: 2374; GeneCards: STC1; OMA:STC1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8p21.2 Start 23,841,929 bp[1] End 23,854,806 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse)[2] Band 14|14 D2 Start 69,266,687 bp[2] End 69,279,253 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pericardium vena cava buccal mucosa cell islet of Langerhans cartilage tissue stromal cell of endometrium mucosa of urinary bladder thyroid gland left lobe of thyroid gland Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in posterior horn of spinal cord adventitia of ureter inner renal medulla tongue Rostral migratory stream desmocranium joints of the foot medullary collecting duct Stroma of ovary Gonadal ridge More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular region apical plasma membrane nucleus extracellular space Biological process response to vitamin D response to organic cyclic compound ossification endothelial cell morphogenesis cellular calcium ion homeostasis negative regulation of endothelial cell migration regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction growth plate cartilage axis specification positive regulation of calcium ion import cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus negative regulation of cell migration decidualization chondrocyte proliferation negative regulation of calcium ion transport negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion bone development regulation of anion transport cellular response to hypoxia embryo implantation cellular response to cAMP regulation of signaling receptor activity signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6781 20855 Ensembl ENSG00000159167 ENSMUSG00000014813 UniProt P52823 O55183 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003155 NM_009285 RefSeq (protein) NP_003146 NP_033311 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 23.84 – 23.85 Mb Chr 14: 69.27 – 69.28 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The only known molecular function of human Stanniocalcin-1 to date is a SUMO E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in the SUMOylation cycle. However, STC1 interacts with many proteins in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum, and in dot-like fashion in the cell nucleus. The N-terminal region of STC1 is the function region which is responsible to establish the interaction with its partners, including SUMO1.^[7] Low-resolution studies shows that STC1 is an anti-parallel homodimer in solution and the cysteine 202 is responsible for its dimerization. All the 5 disulfide bonds of human STC1 are conserved and have the same profile of fish STC.^[8] The gene contains a 5' UTR rich in CAG trinucleotide repeats. The encoded protein contains 11 conserved cysteine residues and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C exclusively on its serine residues.

The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Overexpression of human stanniocalcin 1 in mice produces high serum phosphate levels, dwarfism, and increased metabolic rate. This gene has altered expression in hepatocellular, ovarian, and breast cancers,^[6] and is a putative molecular biomarker of leukemic microenvironment.