STK19

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STK19 gene^[5][6][7] and is involved in DNA repair, specifically the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) pathway.^[8][9]

STK19
Identifiers
Aliases	STK19, D6S60, D6S60E, G11, HLA-RP1, RP1, serine/threonine kinase 19
External IDs	OMIM: 604977; MGI: 1860085; HomoloGene: 10449; GeneCards: STK19; OMA:STK19 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p21.33 Start 31,971,091 bp[1] End 31,982,821 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 17 (mouse)[2] Band 17|17 B1 Start 35,042,969 bp[2] End 35,055,921 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex right lobe of liver skin of leg anterior pituitary skin of abdomen left ovary right ovary Top expressed in bone marrow lip superior frontal gyrus islet of Langerhans duodenum jejunum primary visual cortex proximal tubule adrenal gland granulocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity nucleotide binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity ATP binding kinase activity protein binding Cellular component nucleus nuclear speck Biological process protein phosphorylation phosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8859 54402 Ensembl ENSG00000226257 ENSG00000206342 ENSG00000236250 ENSG00000226033 ENSG00000204344 ENSG00000234947 ENSMUSG00000061207 UniProt P49842 Q9JHN8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004197 NM_032454 NM_019442 RefSeq (protein) NP_004188 NP_115830 NP_062315 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 31.97 – 31.98 Mb Chr 17: 35.04 – 35.06 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The name is misleading — although STK19 was initially identified as a serine/threonine kinase, analysis of the crystal structure revealed absence of the kinase domain ^[10] and it does not seem to possess any kinase activity.^[11]

This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6 and expresses two transcript variants.^[7]

Structure

Structure of STK19 showing the CSA, RNAPII, and UVSSA interacting domains. Based on figure and domain identification by Heuvel, et al.,^[9] with accompanying protein structure (PDB: 7XRB).^[12][13]

STK19 contains 3 different protein-interaction domains, which are essential to its function in DNA repair: the CSA interacting domain, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) interacting domain, and UVSSA interacting domain.^[9] These domains allow STK19 to incorporate into the Transcription-Coupled DNA Repair (TCR) complex, which is recruited to RNA Polymerase II stalled at DNA lesions.^[9]

Part of the UVSAA binding domain may also interact with XPD, a protein in the TFIIH (transcription factor IIH) complex. This complex is recruited to the TCR and is involved in excising the damaged DNA. STK19 binding to XPD is theorized to help optimally position the TFIIH ATPase subunits XPD and XPB onto the DNA in front of the lesion.^[9]

Role in transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair

STK19 is involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), a DNA repair pathway that preferentially detects and removes DNA damage in portions of the genome that are being actively transcribed (copied from DNA into RNA). By contrast, the non-transcribed strand and portions of the genome not under active transcription are repaired more slowly, using global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER).^[8]

See also

• RCCX