TXNRD1

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene.^[5]

TXNRD1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2CFY, 2J3N, 2ZZ0, 2ZZB, 2ZZC, 3QFA, 3QFB
Identifiers
Aliases	TXNRD1, GRIM-12, TR, TR1, TRXR1, TXNR, thioredoxin reductase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601112; MGI: 1354175; HomoloGene: 55733; GeneCards: TXNRD1; OMA:TXNRD1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q23.3 Start 104,215,779 bp[1] End 104,350,307 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 C1 Start 82,669,785 bp[2] End 82,733,546 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium islet of Langerhans right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex right coronary artery pericardium left coronary artery nasal epithelium Top expressed in somite otic placode otic vesicle stroma of bone marrow primitive streak endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel ganglionic eminence saccule epiblast gastrula More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein-disulfide reductase activity methylselenol reductase activity flavin adenine dinucleotide binding methylseleninic acid reductase activity protein binding electron transfer activity oxidoreductase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular exosome nucleus fibrillar center nucleoplasm mitochondrion cytosol Biological process nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion selenium compound metabolic process signal transduction cellular oxidant detoxification response to oxygen radical cell redox homeostasis regulation of lipid metabolic process cellular response to oxidative stress mesoderm formation gastrulation cell population proliferation electron transport chain Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7296 50493 Ensembl ENSG00000198431 ENSMUSG00000020250 UniProt Q16881 Q9JMH6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_182743 NM_001093771 NM_001261445 NM_001261446 NM_003330 NM_182729 NM_182742 NM_001042513 NM_001042514 NM_001042523 NM_015762 RefSeq (protein) NP_001087240 NP_001248374 NP_001248375 NP_003321 NP_877393 NP_877419 NP_877420 NP_001035978 NP_001035979 NP_001035988 NP_056577 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 104.22 – 104.35 Mb Chr 10: 82.67 – 82.73 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms.^[6]

See also

• Thioredoxin reductase