Tata-box binding protein like 2

TATA-box binding protein like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBPL2 gene.^[5] The TBPL2 protein is also known as TBP-related factor 3 (TRF3) and TATA binding protein 2 (TBP2). The protein was independently discovered in three laboratories as a vertebrate-specific family member of TATA-binding protein (TBP). ^[6][7][8] Orthologs have been identified in mouse, frog (Xenopus tropicalis) and fish (Danio rerio). Whereas the TBP gene is found in all eukaryotes, TBPL2 is only found in vertebrates.^[9][10]

TBPL2
Identifiers
Aliases	TBPL2, TBP2, TRF3, TATA-box binding protein like 2
External IDs	OMIM: 608964; MGI: 2684058; HomoloGene: 133152; GeneCards: TBPL2; OMA:TBPL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q22.3 Start 55,414,210 bp[1] End 55,456,726 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 A3 Start 23,961,733 bp[2] End 23,986,607 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gonad testicle sural nerve stromal cell of endometrium skeletal muscle tissue bone marrow cell tonsil urinary bladder mucosa of transverse colon ganglionic eminence Top expressed in morula secondary oocyte zygote primary oocyte blastocyst ovary right kidney More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase III transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor binding Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus transcription factor TFIIIB complex transcription regulator complex transcription factor TFIID complex Biological process multicellular organism development negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription, DNA-templated transcription, DNA-templated DNA-templated transcription, initiation regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III preinitiation complex assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 387332 227606 Ensembl ENSG00000182521 ENSMUSG00000061809 UniProt Q6SJ96 Q6SJ95 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_199047 NM_001289689 NM_199059 RefSeq (protein) NP_950248 NP_001276618 NP_951014 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 55.41 – 55.46 Mb Chr 2: 23.96 – 23.99 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Molecular properties

Similar to TBP, TBPL2 can bind to the TATA box. It interacts with other general transcription factors such as TFIIA and TFIIB and promotes transcription initiation in vitro.^[7][8] The core domain, which mediates this binding to DNA, shows 95% identity between TBP and TBPL2.^[10] The N-terminal domain of TBPL2 exhibits only limited homology to that of TBP.

Expression and function

Early reports mistakenly suggested a wide expression pattern of TBPL2. The main site of expression, however, is the oocyte, where it acts as a replacement factor for TBP.^{[8][11][12][13]} Knockout mice are normal and viable, but females are not fertile in the absence of TBPL2 due to a defect in folliculogenesis. ^[14] TBPL2 has also been identified as a factor necessary to reprogram stem cells to oocytes.^[15]