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Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

System of classification of animals with emphasis on the invertebrates From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The biological systematics and taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification of invertebrates, as a way to classify animals without backbones.[1]

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Prokaryotes

  • Kingdom Eubacteria, also known as Bacteria – Domain of microorganisms
  • Kingdom Archaea, also known as Archaebacteria – Domain of organisms

Eukaryotes (Eukaryota, or Eukarya)

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  • Kingdom Fungi – Biological kingdom, separate from plants and animals
  • Kingdom Plantae – Kingdom of photosynthetic eukaryotes (= Metaphyta)
  • Kingdom Protista – Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
  • Phylum Euglenida – Class of protozoans
  • Phylum Kinetoplastida – Flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa
  • Alveolata phyla – Clade of protists
  • Phylum Ciliophora – Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
  • Phylum Apicomplexa – Phylum of parasitic alveolates
  • Phylum Dinoflagellata – Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
  • Phylum Stramenopila – Clade of eukaryotes
  • Phylum Rhizopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Actinopoda – Cellular body type
  • Phylum Granuloreticulosa – Phylum of amoeboid protists
  • Phylum Diplomonadida – Group of mostly parasitic flagellates
  • Phylum Parabasilida – Group of flagellated protists
  • Phylum Cryptomonada – Group of algae and colorless flagellates
  • Phylum Microspora – Genus of green algae
  • Phylum Ascetospora – A group of eukaryotes that are parasites of animals
  • Phylum Choanoflagellata – Group of eukaryotes considered the closest living relatives of animals
  • Phylum Chlorophyta – Phylum of green algae
  • Phylum Opalinida – Small group of peculiar heterokonts
  • Incertae sedis: Genus Stephanopogon – Genus of flagellate marine protozoan

Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)

Parazoa

Phylum Porifera

Mesozoa

Phylum Placozoa
Phylum Monoblastozoa
Phylum Rhombozoa
Phylum Orthonectida

Eumetazoa

Radiata
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Ctenophora
Bilateria

The authors divide the bilaterians in three informal groups:

  • acoelomates (phyla Platyhelminthes, Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora)
  • blastocoelomate (or pseducoelomate, phyla Rotifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala, Loricifera)
  • coelomates (or eucoelomates, phyla Nemertea, Priapula, Annelida, Sipuncula, Echiura, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Phoronida, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata, Chordata).

Several groups traditionally viewed as having a blastocoelomate condition are viewed here as acoelomates (e.g., Gastrotricha, Entoprocta, Gnathostomulida).

Some of the coelomates groups (e.g., Arthropoda, Mollusca) have greatly reduced celomic spaces; often the main body cavity is a bloodfilled space called a hemocoel, and is associated with an open circulatory system.

The Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta and Phoronida are viewed as lophophorates.

In a phylogeny,[3] the bilaterians are divided in:

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nemertea
Phylum Rotifera
  • Class Digonata
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Kinorhyncha
Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
Phylum Nematomorpha
Phylum Priapula
Phylum Acanthocephala
Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Loricifera
Phylum Cycliophora
Phylum Annelida
  • Class Polychaeta, with 25 orders and 87 families (not all are listed)
  • Order Haplotaxida, with 25 families (not all are listed)
  • Subclass Hirudinoidea
Phylum Sipuncula
  • Class Phascolosomida
  • Order Golfingiaformes
Phylum Echiura
  • Order Echiuroinea
  • Order Xenopneusta
  • Order Heteromyota
Phylum Onychophora
Phylum Tardigrada
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Order Lepstostraca
  • Subclass Notostigmophora
  • Subclass Pleurostigmophora
  • Superfamily Mygalomorpha
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Phoronida
Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
Phylum Brachiopoda
Phylum Echinodermata
  • Subclass Aspidochirotacea
  • Subclass Apodacea
Phylum Chaetognatha
Phylum Hemichordata
Phylum Chordata
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See also

References

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