Thyrotropin receptor

Not to be confused with Thyrotropin-releasing hormone or Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a receptor (and associated protein) that responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as "thyrotropin") and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins^[5] and is coupled to the G_s protein.^[6]

TSHR
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2XWT, 3G04
Identifiers
Aliases	TSHR, CHNG1, LGR3, hTSHR-I, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, Thyrotropin receptor, thyrotropin (TSH) receptor
External IDs	OMIM: 603372; MGI: 98849; HomoloGene: 315; GeneCards: TSHR; OMA:TSHR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human)[1] Band 14q31.1 Start 80,954,989 bp[1] End 81,146,306 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12 D3|12 44.51 cM Start 91,351,337 bp[2] End 91,516,582 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in left lobe of thyroid gland right lobe of thyroid gland testicle thymus bone marrow cells buccal mucosa cell ventricular zone gonad lymph node right lobe of liver Top expressed in retinal pigment epithelium white adipose tissue lactiferous gland subcutaneous adipose tissue spermatocyte brown adipose tissue spermatid ventricular zone tunica adventitia of aorta median eminence More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity protein binding G protein-coupled receptor activity protein-hormone receptor activity signal transducer activity thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activity protein-containing complex binding signaling receptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane receptor complex integral component of plasma membrane membrane cell surface plasma membrane basolateral plasma membrane intracellular anatomical structure Biological process cell-cell signaling G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of cell population proliferation activation of adenylate cyclase activity hormone-mediated signaling pathway signal transduction nervous system development cell surface receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity cellular response to glycoprotein cellular response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7253 22095 Ensembl ENSG00000165409 ENSMUSG00000020963 UniProt P16473 P47750 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000369 NM_001018036 NM_001142626 NM_001113404 NM_011648 RefSeq (protein) NP_000360 NP_001018046 NP_001136098 NP_001106875 NP_035778 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 80.95 – 81.15 Mb Chr 12: 91.35 – 91.52 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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It is primarily found on the surface of the thyroid epithelial cells, but also found on adipose tissue and fibroblasts. The latter explains the reason of the myxedema finding during Graves disease. In addition, it has also been found to be expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus and kidneys. Its presence in the anterior pituitary gland may be involved in mediating the paracrine signaling feedback inhibition of thyrotropin along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.^[7]

Function

Upon binding circulating TSH, a G-protein signal cascade activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular levels of cAMP rise. cAMP activates all functional aspects of the thyroid cell, including iodine pumping; thyroglobulin synthesis, iodination, endocytosis, and proteolysis; thyroid peroxidase activity; and hormone release. TSHR is involved in regulating seasonal reproduction in vertebrates.^[8]

See also

• Graves' disease