Timeline of Braunschweig

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.^[1]
• 955 - Area of city expanded.^[2]
• 1031 - St. Magni (Braunschweig) [de] church consecrated.^[1]
• 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
• 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
• 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.^[3]
• 1175
  • Dankwarderode Castle built.^[1]
  • Birth of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
• 1190s - St. Martini (Braunschweig) [de] church construction begins.^[1]
• 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.^[1]
• 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
• 1200s
  • St. Katharinen (Braunschweig) [de] church construction begins.
  • Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.^[4]
  • Schoduvel [de] (carnival) is celebrated.^[5]
• 1245 - Großes Waisenhaus BMV [de] (nursing home and orphanage) established.
• 1293–94 - Schicht der Gildemeister [de] (civil unrest)
• 1304 - Bartholomäuskapelle (Braunschweig) [de] on Schützenstraße (Braunschweig) [de] first mentioned.
• 1307 - Gewandhaus (Braunschweig) [de] guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
• 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
• 1370s - Große Schicht [de] (civil unrest)
• 1390
  • Public clock installed (approximate date).^[6]
  • Brunswick Mum is sold.
• 1396 - Altstadtrathaus (Braunschweig) [de] (city hall) building expanded.^[7]
• 1408 - Altstadtmarktbrunnen [de] (fountain) installed in the Altstadtmarkt (Braunschweig) [de].^[7]
• 1410s
  • Liberei (library) built.
  • Braunschweiger Pfaffenkrieg [de] (conflict between city council and churches)
• 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
• 1415 - Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig [de] secondary school established.
• 1420 - St. Andreas (Braunschweig) [de] church built (approximate date).^[1]
• 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.^[8]
• 1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).^[1]
• 1445–46 - Schicht der „ungehorsamen Bürger“ [de] (civil unrest)
• 1451 - Brüdernkirche (Braunschweig) [de] (church) built.^[1]
• 1487–89 - Ludeke Hollants Schicht [de] (civil unrest)
• 1498 - Braunschweiger Messe [de] (fair) established.^[3]
• 1509 - Printing press in operation.^[9]
• 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
• 1524 - Huneborstelsches Haus [de] built.^[3]
• 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
• 1534 - Alte Waage (Braunschweig) [de] built.
• 1551 - Population: 16,192.
• 1567 - Haus zur Hanse [de] built.
• 1573 - Veltheimsches Haus [de] built on the Burgplatz (Braunschweig) [de].^[3]
• 1627 - Hofbrauhaus Wolters [de] (brewery) established.
• 1643 - Ehemaliges Rüninger Zollhaus [de] (customs house) built.^[3]
• 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
• 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• 1690 - Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt [de] (opera house and theatre) opens.^[3]
• 1745
  • Collegium Carolinum founded.^[1]
  • Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.
• 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.^[7]
• 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and State Natural History Museum open.^[1]
• 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
• 1768 - Birth of Caroline of Brunswick future wife of George IV.
• 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
• 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
• 1773 - Population: 23,385.
• 1790s - Braunschweig fortifications [de] dismantled (approximate date).^[1]
• 1791 - Lange Brücke (Braunschweig) [de] (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century

• 1806 - French in power; Braunschweig French period [de] begins.
• 1807 - Wilhelm Albrecht Christian von Mahrenholtz [de] becomes mayor.
• 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
• 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
• 1823 - Obelisk erected in the Löwenwall [de].
• 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
• 1830 - 7–8 September: Civil unrest, Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.^[3][1][10]
• 1834 - Attained municipal self-government.^[1]
• 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
• 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
• 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.^[11][12]
• 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
• 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
• 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
• 1848–49 - German revolution of 1848–49 in Braunschweig [de]
• 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
• 1853 - Braunschweigische Bank [de] active.^[13]
• 1856 - Westermanns Monatshefte [de] (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig.
• 1860 - Braunschweig City Archive [de] established.^[14]
• 1861
  • Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
  • Stadtbibliothek Braunschweig [de] (library) and Städtisches Museum (Braunschweig) [de] founded.
• 1863 - Braunschweiger Quadriga [de] sculpture erected atop the palace.
• 1871
  • Braunschweiger Volksfreund [de] newspaper in publication.
  • Feldschlößchen (Braunschweig) [de] brewery in business.
  • Population: 57,883.^[15]
• 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
• 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.^[16]
• 1875 - 23 September: Neue Synagoge (Braunschweig) [de] opens.
• 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
• 1880 - Population: 75,038.^[17]
• 1885 - Population: 85,174.^[18]
• 1887 - Braunschweig Main Cemetery (cemetery) established.
• 1890 - Population: 101,047.^[19]
• 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
• 1894–1900 - New Braunschweiger Rathaus [de] (city hall) built.
• 1895
  • Eintracht Braunschweig football club and Jüdischer Friedhof (Braunschweig) [de] (cemetery) established.
  • Wilhelm Scholz [de] bookseller in business.
  • Population: 115,138.^[20]

20th century

1900–1945

• 1901 - Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein [de] (historical society) founded.
• 1903 - Büssing established.
• 1905 - Population: 136,423.^[1]
• 1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.
• 1907 - Panther Fahrradwerke [de] (bicycle manufactory) in business.^[3]
• 1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.
• 1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.^[21]
• 1918
  • November Revolution in Braunschweig [de] occurs.^[3]
  • 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.^[22][23]
  • 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.
  • 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.
• 1919
  • 9 April: Spartacus League uprising.
  • 13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.^[24][25]
  • Population: 139,539.^[26]
• 1920 - Rollei established.
• 1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.
• 1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.
• 1931
  • Veltenhof [de] is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • Braunschweiger Tageszeitung [de] (newspaper) begins publication.
  • 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.^[27]
• 1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.
• 1934
  • Gliesmarode [de], Lehndorf (Braunschweig) [de], Melverode [de], Ölper, Querum [de], Riddagshausen [de], and Rühme [de] are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • Population: 166,823.
• 1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.^[28]
• 1936
  • Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.
  • Braunschweig Airport opens.
• 1938
  • Niedersächsische Musikschule Braunschweig [de] (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.
  • 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.
  • 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.
• 1939
  • Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.^[29]
  • 20 September: Oflag XI-B POW camp for Polish officers established.^[30]
  • Population: 208,400.
• 1940
  • 24 June: Oflag XI-B POW camp dissolved, POWs transferred to Oflag II-C in Dobiegniew.^[30]
  • Synagogue demolished.
  • Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.
• 1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.^[31]
• 1944
  • 25 March: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established at the SS troop supply camp.^[32]
  • 5 June: Subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS troop supply camp dissolved. Prisoners deported to a subcamp in Warberg.^[32]
  • 17 August: Schillstraße subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established.^[33]
  • September: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme established.^[34]
  • December: Women subcamp of Neuengamme established at the SS Riding School.^[35]
• 1945
  • February: Women subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS Riding School dissolved. Prisoners deported to subcamps in Salzgitter and Helmstedt.^[35]
  • March: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Schillstraße subcamp.^[34]
  • March/April: Schillstraße subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Salzgitter.^[33]
  • 12 April: Surrender of Braunschweig [de].

1946–1999

• 1946 - Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1947 - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig.
• 1949
  • Abendgymnasium Braunschweig [de] (school) established.
  • Antiquariat am Burgplatz [de] bookshop in business.
• 1955 - 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens.
• 1960
  • Brunswick Palace demolished.
  • Building of the Weststadt starts.^[36]
  • 1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens.
• 1963 - Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established.
• 1971 - Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established.
• 1972 - Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active.
• 1974 - 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
• 1975 - Population: 269,900.
• 1976 - Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor.
• 1977 - Federal Agricultural Research Centre established.
• 1982 - Gerstäcker-Museum [de] established.
• 1987 - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig.
• 1988 - Braunschweig Classix Festival established.
• 1991–94 - Reconstruction of Alte Waage.
• 1994 - Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established.
• 1998 - 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established.^[37]
• 2000
  • Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established.
  • 20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.

21st century

• 2001 - Happy Rizzi House [de] built in the Ackerhof [de].
• 2006 - 6 December: Synagoge (Braunschweig) [de] opens.
• 2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.
• 2010 - RegioStadtBahn Braunschweig [de] light rail project cancelled.
• 2013 - Population: 247,227.
• 2014 - Ulrich Markurth [de] becomes mayor.

Images

• 
  Braunschweig on the Ebstorf Map, circa 1300
• 
  City Hall and fountain, installed 1408 (photo circa 1865)
• 
  Braunschweig in 1492
• 
  Braunschweig in the 16th century, from the Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg.
• 
  Braunschweig in 1550.
• 
  Braunschweig in 1610.
• 
  Programme for premiere of Goethe's Faust, 1829
• 
  Brunswick Palace set on fire, 7 September 1830
• 
  Altstadtmarkt in 1834, by Domenico Quaglio the Younger.
• 
  Fair in 1840.
• 
  Kohlmarkt in 1894.
• 
  Braunschweig around 1900.
• 
  Braunschweig on the night of 15 October 1944
• 
  Braunschweig in 2011.

See also

• Braunschweig history
• History of Braunschweig [de]
• List of mayors of Braunschweig [de]

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:^(de)

• Timeline of Hanover