Timeline of Hanover

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hanover, Germany.

Prior to 19th century

1333 - Kreuzkirche (church) consecrated.
1347 - Aegidienkirche (church) built.
1366 - Marktkirche (church) built.
1369 - Welfs in power.^[2]
1382 - Döhrener Tower [de] built near city.
1400 - Public clock installed (approximate date).^[3]
1410 - Town Hall building expanded (approximate date).^(de)^[4]
1440 - Stadtbibliothek Hannover [de] (library) founded.^[5]^[6]
1529 - Hanover Schützenfest established.
1550 - Alter Jüdischer Friedhof an der Oberstraße [de] (cemetery) established.
1670 - Neustädter Kirche (church) built.
1676 - Herrenhausen Palace expansion begins.^[2]
1689
- Population: 11,373.^[4]
- Schlossopernhaus [de] opens with premiere of Steffani's opera Henrico Leone.^[7]
1698 - Leibniz house [de] in use.

1720 - Royal Public Library [de] active.^[8]
1726 - Herrenhäuser Allee [de] laid out.
1755 - Population: 17,432.^[4]
1797 - Hanover Natural History Society [de] founded.^[9]
1798 - Adressbuch der Stadt Hannover [de] (city directory) begins publication.^[4]

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19th century

1810 - Hanover becomes part of the Kingdom of Westphalia.^[2]
1815 - City becomes capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.^[2]
1821 - Population: 33,255.^[4]
1824 - Calenberger Neustadt [de] becomes part of city.^[4]
1826 - Gas lighting installed.^[10]
1832 - Kunstverein Hannover [de] (art society) formed.
1835 - Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen [de] (historical society) founded.
1838 - Artilleriekaserne am Steintor [de] (military barracks) built.
1844 - Hanover–Braunschweig Railway in operation.
1847
- Bremen–Hanover railway begins operating.
- Development of Ernst-August-Stadt [de] area begins.^[4]
1851 - Thalia Society founded.^[11]
1852
- Royal Theatre built.^[2]^[12]
- Hannoversches Tageblatt [de] newspaper in publication.^[4]
1853 - Hanoverian Southern Railway begins operating.
1854 - Hannoversche Courier [de] newspaper begins publication.
1856 - Museum of Art and Science [de] built.
1861 - Population: 71,170.^[13]
1864
- Hanover–Hamburg railway in operation.
- Stadtfriedhof Engesohde [de] and Jüdischer Friedhof An der Strangriede [de] (cemeteries) established.
1865 - Hanover Zoo established.^[14]
1866
- Hanover becomes part of Prussia.^[2]
- Hanover Military Riding Institute [de] active.
- Welfenschloss (palace) built.^[2]
- X Army Corps headquartered in Hanover.
- Hanover Chamber of Industry and Commerce [de] established.
1870 - New Synagogue, Hanover [de] built.
1871 - Continental rubber manufacturer in business.
1872
- Horse-drawn tram begins operating.^(de)
- Goethe Bridge [de] built.^[15]
1879 - Hannover Hauptbahnhof rebuilt.
1885 - Population: 139,731.^[16]
1886 - Cumberlandsche Galerie [de] built.
1888 - Photographischer Verein founded.^[17]
1889
- Mellini-Theater [de] opens.
- Kestner Museum established.
1891 - Hainholz [de], Herrenhausen, List [de], and Vahrenwald [de] become part of city.^[4]
1893
- Electric tram begins operating.^(de)
- Hannoverscher Anzeiger [de] newspaper begins publication.
1895 - Lister Tower [de] and Flusswasserkunst [de] built.
1896
- Hannover 96 football club formed.
- Holzmarkt Fountain [de] installed.
1897 - Music Conservatory established.
1898 - Hannoversche Waggonfabrik (manufacturer) in business.

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20th century

1900-1945

1902 - Provincial museum built.^[2]
1903 - Vaterländisches Museum [de] opens.
1904 - Bismarck Tower erected.
1907 - Bothfeld [de], Groß-Buchholz [de], Klein-Buchholz, Döhren [de], Kirchrode [de], Mecklenheide, Stöcken, and Wülfel [de] become part of city.^[4]
1908 - Anti-noise society formed.^[18]
1911 - Schauburg [de] (theatre) opens.
1913 - New City Hall built in the Maschpark [de].
1914
- Stadthalle built.^(de)
- Stadtpark (Hannover) [de] opens.
1916
- Kestnergesellschaft (modern art society) formed.^[19]
- Duve-Brunnen [de] (fountain) installed in the Neustädter Markt.
1918
- November: German Revolution of 1918–19.
- Robert Leinert [de] becomes mayor.
1919
- Deutsche Luft-Reederei begins operating its Berlin-Hannover airplane route.^[20]
- Population: 310,431.^[21]
1920
- Linden becomes part of city.^[4]
- Hanover Cavalry School [de] established.
1921
- Nazi Party branch established.^[22]
- Überlandwerke und Straßenbahnen Hannover AG (public transit entity) active.
- Hindenburg Villa [de] in use.
1923
- German Völkisch Freedom Party branch established.^[22]
- Nazi Niedersächsischer Beobachter [de] weekly newspaper begins publication.^[22]
1924 - Gustav Fink [de] becomes mayor.
1925
- Arthur Menge becomes mayor.^[19]
- Population: 422,745.^[4]
1927 - Botanischer Schulgarten Burg (garden) established.^[23]
1936 - Maschsee (lake) created.
1937 - Henricus Haltenhoff [de] becomes mayor.
1938 - November: Kristallnacht pogrom against Jews.
1939
- September: Bombing of Hanover in World War II by Allied forces begins.
- Population: 472,527.^[4]
1942 - Ludwig Hoffmeister [de] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)
1944
- 24 June: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp [de] begins operating.^[24]
- 26 June: Hanover-Misburg subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.^[25]
- 1 September: Hanover-Limmer concentration camp redesignated a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp.^[24]
- September: Hanover-Stöcken (Continental) concentration camp [de] begins operating.
- Late September or early October: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme established. The prisoners were mostly Polish women.^[26]
- November: Hanover-Ahlem concentration camp [de] established.
- Egon Bönner [de] becomes Staatskommissare.^(de)

1945
- January: Hanover-Langenhagen subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners relocated to the Hanover-Limmer camp.^[26]
- February: Hanover-Mühlenberg concentration camp [de] begins operating.
- 6 April: Hanover-Limmer and Hanover-Misburg subcamps of Neuengamme dissolved, surviving prisoners sent on a death march.^[25]^[24]
- 10 April: Allied forces arrive.
- April–May: Mayor, Regierungspräsident, and Oberpräsident (local government officials) appointed.^[27]

1946-1990s

1946 - February: Flood.^(de)
1947
- 1 April: Food protest.^[28]
- Hannover Messe (trade fair) begins.^[4]
1949
- Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) in publication.
- Europa-Haus [de] built.^[29]
1950s - Hannover War Cemetery established.
1951 - Youth House [de] built.
1952
- Landesbühne Hannover [de] (theatre) established.^[29]
- Trade union building [de] built.
1954
- Niedersachsenstadion (stadium) opens.
- Mannesmann Tower erected.
- Frühlingsfest Hannover [de] begins.
- Markthalle Hannover [de] rebuilt.
1965 - Oktoberfest Hannover [de] begins.
1965 - Population: 555,228.
1969 - IBM-Haus [de] built.
1970 - Norddeutsche Landesbank headquartered in city.
1972 - Herbert Schmalstieg [de] becomes mayor.^[29]
1974 - Ahelm, Anderten, Bemerode, Misburg, Vinnhorst, Wettbergen, and Wülferode [de] become part of city.^[4]
1975
- Hanover Stadtbahn begins operating.
- Eilenriedehalle built in the Hannover Congress Centrum [de].
1979 - Sprengel Museum opens.
1987 - Klecks-Theater Hannover [de] founded.
1991 - Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway built.
1992 - Hanover City Archive [de] moves to Bokemahle in Südstadt-Bult [de].^[30]
2000
- June: Expo 2000 opens.
- Hanover S-Bahn commuter rail begins operating.

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21st century

2001 - Gehry Tower built.
2002 - Nord/LB headquarters [de] built.
2005 - Regional Lower Saxony State Archives [de] established, including its Hanover office [de].^[31]
2006 - Stephan Weil becomes mayor.
2008
- Hannover City 2020 + [de] urban planning process begins.^[32]
- Baitus Sami Mosque built.
2013 - Stefan Schostok becomes mayor.
2014 - Population: 523,642.

Images

Herrenhäuser Allee, laid out in 1726 (postcard from 1906)
Vaterländisches Museum, opened in 1903
Crowd outside house of Hindenburg on day he becomes President of Germany, 12 May 1925
Bombed wreckage of Old Town Hall, 1943
Flood, 1946