Timeline of Moscow

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Moscow, Russia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 16th century

• 1147 – Yuri Dolgoruki had a meeting with Sviatoslav Olgovich in a place called Moscow. First mentioning about Moscow in manuscript.^[1]
• 1237 – The 'grad of Moscow' destroyed by the Mongols.
• 1272 – Daniil Aleksandrovich becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1283 – Grand Duchy of Moscow territory established.
• 1300 – The Kremlin, or fort, was enclosed by a strong wall of earth and timber.^[1]
• 1303 – Yuriy Danilovich becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1325 – Seat of "metropolitan of Central Russia" relocated to Moscow.^[3]
• 1327 – Uspensky Church consecrated.^[1]
• 1328 – Ivan I becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1333 – St. Michael cathedral built.^[3]
• 1339 – The 'grad of Moscow' rebuilt in oak.
• 1341 – Simeon Ivanovich Gordyi becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1353 – Ivan II becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1358 – Chudov Monastery founded.^[1]
• 1362 – Dmitry Donskoy becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1367 – Moscow Kremlin (citadel) founded.^[3]
• 1369 – Moscow besieged.^[4]
• 1382 – Siege of Moscow (1382).^[4]
• 1386 – Nativity Convent (Rozhdestvensky convent) founded.^[1]
• 1389
  • Vasily I becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
  • Ascension Convent founded in the Kremlin (approximate date).
• 1397
  • Sretensky Monastery founded.
  • Blagovyeshchensk Cathedral built.^[1]
• 1425 – Vasily II becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1462 – Ivan III becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1479 – Dormition Cathedral built in the Kremlin.^[3]
• 1491 – Spasskaya Gate built.^[1]
• 1492 – Palace of Facets (Granovitaya Palata) – state banqueting hall.^[1]
• 1495 – "Dungeons built under the Kremlin's Trinity Tower."^[5]

16th–17th centuries

• 1502 – 14 April: Coronation of Ivan III as Grand Prince of Moscow.
• 1505 – Vasili III becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1508 – Cathedral of the Archangel^[1] and Ivan the Great Bell Tower built.
• 1520 – Moscow said to contain "45,000 houses and 100,000 inhabitants".^[1]
• 1524/5 – Novodevichy Convent constructed.^[1]
• 1533 – Ivan the Terrible becomes Grand Prince of Moscow.^[2]
• 1547
  • City becomes capital of the grand duchy of Russia.^[6]
  • Fire.^[3]
• 1555 – Muscovy Trading Company of England active.
• 1560 – Saint Basil's Cathedral built.^[1][7]
• 1564 – Ivan Fyodorov (printer) active; Moscow Print Yard established.
• 1571 – City taken by Tartar forces from Crimea.^[4][1]
• 1576 – Paper mill established.^[8]
• 1591 – Donskoy Monastery founded.
• 1593 – Bely Gorod wall built.
• 1598 – Time of Troubles (ended 1613).
• 1600 – Zaikonospassky monastery founded.
• 1601 – Famine.
• 1611 – City taken by forces of Sigismund III of Poland.^[3]
• 1612 – Moscow Uprising of 1612.
• 1636 – Kazan Cathedral consecrated.
• 1652
  • Nativity Church at Putinki built.
  • German Quarter developed near city.^[7]
• 1656 – Church of the Twelve Apostles dedicated in the Kremlin.
• 1661 – Saviour Cathedral built.
• 1662 – Copper Riot.
• 1672 – Chorina Comedy Theatre is founded.
• 1682 – Moscow Uprising of 1682.
• 1687 – Greek Latin School established.
• 1689 – Moscow Theological Academy Library established.^[9]
• 1692 – Vysokopetrovsky Monastery katholikon (church) built.
• 1698 – Streltsy Uprising.

18th century

• 1701 – Sukharev Tower built.
• 1702 – Public theatre active.^[7]
• 1703
  • Vedomosti newspaper begins publication.^[7]
  • Peter the Great "encounters opposition" in Moscow which compels him to leave.^[1]
• 1708 – Moscow Governorate established.
• 1712 – Russian capital relocated from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.^[7]
• 1721 – Moscow Synodal Choir founded.
• 1728 – Russian capital moved back to Moscow under influence of the Supreme Privy Council.
• 1732 – Russian capital relocated back to Saint Petersburg.
• 1735 – Tsar Bell cast.
• 1739 – Fire.^[3]
• 1742 – Rampart built.
• 1748 – Fire.^[3][10]
• 1750 – Population: (approx) 150,000.^[1]
• 1752 – Fire.^[11]
• 1755 – Imperial University founded.^[3][1]
• 1764 – Foundling Hospital built.^[3]
• 1764 – Moscow Orphanage founded.
• 1765 – Novodevichii Institute founded.
• 1765 – Maiden Field Theatre founded.
• 1766 – Russian Theatre founded.
• 1769 – Znamensky Theatre founded.
• 1771
  • Chudov Monastery re-built.^[1]
  • Plague.
  • September: Plague Riot.
  • Vvedenskoye Cemetery in use (approximate date).
• 1772 – Commercial School founded.^[12]
• 1773 – Catherine Palace reconstruction begins.
• 1775 – Platon Levshin becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
• 1777 – Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery inaugurated near city.
• 1780 – Petrovsky Palace founded.
• 1782 – Police Board established.^[12]
• 1786 – Pashkov House built.
• 1787 – Senate House built.^[13]
• 1790 – Peterburskoye Schosse road paved.^{[citation needed]}
• 1792 – Tverskaya Square laid out.

19th century

• 1805 – Moscow Society of Naturalists founded.^[14]
• 1806 – Maly Theatre founded.
• 1809 – Shchepkin Theatre School established.
• 1812
  • French invasion.
  • September: Fire of Moscow (1812).^[3][11]
  • Population: 250,000 ^[1]
• 1816 – Kremlin rebuilt.^[4]
• 1817 – Excise office built.^[4]
• 1821 – Philaret Drozdov becomes Metropolitan of Moscow.
• 1823 – Alexander Garden laid out.
• 1825 – Bolshoi Theatre opens.
• 1830 – Moscow Craft School established.
• 1849 – Grand Kremlin Palace built.
• 1851
  • Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway begins operating.^[4]
  • Saint Petersburg railway station and Kremlin Armoury building constructed.
• 1856
  • The Russian Messenger (literary magazine) begins publication.
  • Tretyakov Gallery initiated.^[1]
• 1861
  • Petushki–Moscow railway built.^{[citation needed]}
  • Public museum established.^[3]
• 1862
  • Nizhny Novgorod-Moscow railway built.^{[citation needed]}
  • Rumiantsev Library established.
  • Moscow Yaroslavsky railway station built.
• 1864 – Kazansky railway station opens.
• 1865
  • Golitzyn museum established.^[3]
  • Industrial exhibit held.^[3]
  • Tolstoy's War and Peace begins publication in The Russian Messenger.
• 1866 – Moscow Conservatory and Moscow Merchant Bank^[15] founded.
• 1867 – Einem brothers chocolate factory founded.
• 1868 – Borodinsky Bridge built.
• 1870 – Belorussky railway station opens.
• 1871
  • Trade Bank founded.^[15]
  • Population: 611,970.^[16]
• 1872
  • State Historical Museum founded.
  • Moscow University for Women founded.
• 1877 – Premiere of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake ballet.
• 1878 – Sokolniki Park established.
• 1880 – Pushkin statue installed in Strastnaya Square.
• 1882 – Population: 753,469.^[1]
• 1883
  • Cathedral of Christ the Saviour consecrated.^[3][1]
  • Redesign of coat of arms of Moscow adopted.
• 1885 – Private Opera established.
• 1887 – Morozovtsi Orekhovo-Zuevo Moskva (football club) formed.
• 1891 – May: French exhibit opens.^[3]
• 1892 – City Hall built.
• 1893 – Bazaar built in Kitay-Gorod.^[1]
• 1894 – Moscow Hermitage Garden opens.
• 1896
  • 26 May: Coronation of Nicholas II.^[3]
  • 30 May: Khodynka Tragedy.
  • December: Student demonstration.^[3]
  • Museum of History of Moscow founded.
  • Kursky railway station built.
• 1897
  • Russian Electrical Theatre (cinema) opens.^[17]
  • Population: 988,610.
• 1898
  • Moscow Art Theatre founded.
  • All-Russia Insurance Company building constructed.
  • Novodevichy Cemetery inaugurated.
• 1899
  • 6 April: First electric Moscow tram begins operating.
  • 7 November: Premiere of Chekhov's Uncle Vanya.
  • Moscow City Chess Championship active.
  • "Student agitation" begins.^[3]
• 1900
  • Paveletsky railway station built.
  • Population: 1,023,817.^[3]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901 – Rizhsky railway station built.
• 1902 – Savyolovsky railway station built.
• 1903
  • Zimin Opera founded.
  • Hotel National in business.
• 1904
  • 29 June: 1904 Moscow tornado.^[3]
  • Yaroslavsky railway station rebuilt.
• 1905 – Moscow Uprising of 1905.^[18]
• 1907
  • Moscow Little Ring Railway begins operating.
  • Hotel Metropol built.
  • Population: 1,359,254.^[1]
• 1908 – Moscow Public University established.
• 1912
  • Durov Animal Theater founded.
  • Museum of Fine Arts opens.^[19]
  • Borodinsky Bridge rebuilt.
• 1913
  • Spaso House (residence) built.
  • Population: 1,817,100.^[20]
• 1914 – Shchukin Theatre Institute founded.
• 1916 – Automobile Moscow Society factory established.
• 1917 – 25 October-2 November: Moscow Bolshevik Uprising.
• 1918
  • March: City becomes capital of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
  • July: Left SR uprising.
  • Moscow Soviet of People's Deputies established.
  • Kiyevsky railway station built.
  • Izvestia newspaper in publication.^[21]
• 1919
  • March: Founding Congress of the Comintern held.
  • Moscow State Jewish Theater established.
• 1920 – Treaty of Moscow (1920)
• 1921
  • Moscow Children's Theatre opens.
  • Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies established.
• 1921 – Treaty of Moscow (1921)
• 1922 – Moscow Sport Circle (football club) formed.
• 1923 – Moscow Municipal Council of Professional Unions theatre founded.^[22]
• 1924
  • Lenin Mausoleum established.
  • All-Union Radio begins broadcasting.
• 1925
  • Lenin Library active.
  • Yermolova Theatre founded.^[23]
• 1928 – Rusakov Workers' Club and Zuev Workers' Club buildings constructed.
• 1929
  • Moscow Oblast and Moscow Circus School established.
  • Kauchuk Factory Club built.
• 1930 – Moscow State Institute for History and Archives and Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys established.
• 1934 – Museum of Architecture founded.
• 1935
  • 15 May: Moscow Metro begins operating.
  • Hotel Moskva in business.
• 1936
  • Moscow Trials begin in the House of the Unions.
  • 2 May: Premiere of Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.
• 1937
  • Smolensky Metro Bridge built.
  • Volga-Moscow canal opens.^[6]
• 1938 – Gorbunov Palace of Culture (concert hall), Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge, and Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge built.
• 1939 – Population: 4,137,018.^[24]
• 1941 – October: Battle of Moscow begins.
• 1942 – January: Battle of Moscow ends.
• 1943 – Laboratory No. 2 of the USSR Academy of Sciences established.^[25]
• 1945 – 24 June: Moscow Victory Parade of 1945.
• 1948 – Museum of Lenin's funeral train founded.

1950s–1990s

• 1953 – 5 March: Joseph Stalin dies.^[26]
• 1954 – Hotel Leningradskaya built.
• 1957
  • Moscow Central Clinical Hospital opened.
  • City hosts Ice hockey world championship
  • City hosts 6th World Festival of Youth and Students.
• 1959
  • Moscow International Film Festival officially starts with its debut edition.
  • Population: 5,032,000.
  • 24 July: Nixon–Khrushchev Kitchen Debate occurs at the American National Exhibition.
• 1960
  • Peoples' Friendship University founded.^[23]
  • Moscow Ring Road is the new city border. Tushino, Babushkin, Perovo, Kuntsevo, Lyublino became parts of Moscow.
  • Over five million Muscovites are vaccinated in order to end the 1959–1960 Moscow smallpox outbreak [ru].
• 1961
  • Rossiya Cinema built.
  • October: American Committee for Non-Violent Action peace walkers arrive in Moscow.^[27]
• 1962
  • Moscow City Archives [ru] established.^[28]
  • Moscow Domodedovo Airport opens.
• 1963 – Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed in Moscow.^[29]
• 1964 – Taganka Theatre founded.^[22]
• 1965 – Population: 6,366,000.^[30]
• 1966 – Gorizont Cinema opens.^[31]
• 1968 – 25 August: 1968 Red Square demonstration.
• 1970 – Population: 6,941,961.
• 1971 – Great Moscow State Circus auditorium opens.
• 1979
  • Spartak Tennis Club built.
  • Moscow Virtuosi orchestra formed.^[22]
• 1980 – 1980 Summer Olympics held.
• 1981 – Moscow International Peace Marathon begins.
• 1982 – Satyricon Theatre opens its doors.^[22]
• 1985 – Population: 8,642,000.^[32]
• 1988 – Moscow People's Front organized.^[33]
• 1989
  • August: Moscow Music Peace Festival.
  • Population: 8,967,332.
• 1990
  • Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov becomes mayor.
  • Moscow Federation of Trade Unions^[34] and Sobinbank^[34] founded.
  • Kremlin Cup tennis tournament begins.
• 1991
  • August: 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.
  • Moscow Chamber of Commerce^[34] and Russian State University for the Humanities established.
  • Prix Benois de la Danse (ballet contest) begins.
• 1992
  • Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and Russian Institute of Strategic Studies^[35] established.
  • Yury Luzhkov becomes mayor.^[36]
  • Moscow Times English-language newspaper begins publication.
  • Figure Skating Federation of Russia headquartered in city.
• 1993
  • Moscow designated capital of the Russian Federation per Constitution.^[37]
  • TV-6 begins broadcasting.
  • Moscow City Duma and American Center in Moscow founded.
  • Kazan Cathedral reconstructed.
• 1995
  • Arch Moscow exhibit begins.
  • Hungry Duck bar in business.
  • Monument erected in Victory Park.^[38]
• 1996 – 11 November: Kotlyakovskoya Cemetery bombing.
• 1997
  • Memorial Mosque built on Poklonnaya Hill.^[38][39]
  • Moscow Marathon Luzhniki begins.
• 1999 – September: Apartment bombing.
• 2000 – City becomes part of the Central Federal District.^{[citation needed]}

21st century

• 2002 – 23–26 October: Moscow theater hostage crisis.^[36]
• 2003
  • Moscow International Performing Arts Centre opens.
  • 9 December: 2003 Red Square bombing.
  • Federation Tower construction begins.
• 2004
  • Moscow Monorail begins operating.
  • Grand Prix of Moscow cycling race begins.
  • February 2004 Moscow Metro bombing.^[36]
  • August 2004 Moscow Metro bombing.
• 2005
  • Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art begins.
  • 2 July: Live 8 concert, Moscow held in Red Square.
• 2006
  • 21 August: 2006 Moscow market bombing.
  • Protest against ban of Moscow Pride.
  • IgroMir (gaming exhibit) begins.
  • Triumph Palace erected in the Sokol neighborhood.
• 2007
  • Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines established.
  • Naberezhnaya Tower built.
• 2009
  • City of Capitals built.
  • Eurovision Song Contest held.
  • Kirill becomes Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia.
• 2010
  • 29 March: 2010 Moscow Metro bombings.^[36]
  • Vladimir Resin becomes mayor, succeeded by Sergey Sobyanin.
• 2011
  • 24 January: Domodedovo International Airport bombing.^[36]
  • Moscow Exchange established.
• 2012 – March: Arrest of Pussy Riot (musical group) performers.
• 2013
  • 8 September: Moscow mayoral election, 2013.
• 2014 – Peace Procession against war in Ukraine
  • Population: 11,794,282.
• 2015
  • 27 February: Politician Nemtsov assassinated.^[36]
  • Gulag museum opens.^[40]
• 2016 – 10 September: Moscow Central Ring of the Little Ring of the Moscow Railway begins operating.
• 2018
  • 5 May – Cossack consplayers attacking to people, mainly to scholars.
  • FIFA World Cup 2018 in Russia. Luzhniki and Spartak stadiums host matches.
• 2020
  • August – Destroying of the Moscow trolley system.

See also

• Russia portal
• History portal

• History of Moscow
• List of heads of Moscow
• List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow
• List of theatres in Moscow [ru]
• Timelines of other cities in the Central Federal District of Russia: Smolensk, Voronezh