Timeline of the Chagatai Khanate

See also: Timeline of the Mongol Empire, Timeline of the Oirats, and Timeline of Xinjiang under Qing rule

This is a timeline of the Chagatai Khanate (1226–1348) and its successor states, Moghulistan (1347–1462), Yarkent Khanate (1514–1696), and the Turpan Khanate (1462–1680).

Chagatai Khanate, late 13th century.

Moghulistan in 1372

After the collapse of the Chagatai Khanate, 1490.

Yarkent Khanate and Turpan Khanate in 1517

12th century

1180s

Year	Date	Event
1183	22 December	Chagatai is born

13th century

1200s

Year	Date	Event
1208		Qocho, Qayaligh, and Almaliq submit to Genghis Khan; Almaliq and the Issyk-Kul region given to Chagatai[1]

1210s

Year	Date	Event
1211		Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai invade Inner Mongolia[2]
1213	autumn	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: Jochi, Ögedei, and Chagatai ravage Hebei and Shanxi[3]
1219	fall	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana[4]
		Chagatai oversees the road construction for the Mongol Empire[2]

1220s

Year	Date	Event
1220		Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and Samarkand (given to Chagatai along with Jimsar County) and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan[4]
1221	April	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat[4]
		Siege of Bamyan: Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process[2]
1227		Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Chagatai takes Taiyuan and gains the advisors Vajir the Uyghur and Qutb-ud-Din Habash 'Amid[2]
1229		Chagatai supports Ögedei's enthronement and is granted Transoxiana[2]

1240s

Year	Date	Event
1242	1 July	Chagatai Khan dies and his grandson Qara Hülegü succeeds him[5]
1246		Güyük Khan appoints Yesü Möngke as head of the Chagatai Khanate[6]

1250s

Year	Date	Event
1251		Möngke Khan appoints Qara Hülegü as head of the Chagatai Khanate, who dies soon after, and his wife Orghana becomes regent for her young son Mubarak Shah[6]

1260s

Year	Date	Event
1260		Toluid Civil War: Alghu, a grandson of Chagatai Khan, deposes Mubarak Shah, an appointee to the Chagatai Khanate of the Mongol Empire, and sets up court in Kashgar while attacking Otrar and Afghanistan[7]
1262		Toluid Civil War: Alghu betrays Ariq Böke and allies with Kublai Khan[6]
1266		Alghu dies and is succeeded by Mubarak Shah, who is deposed by Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq[8]
1269		Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq is defeated by the Golden Horde and loses a third of Transoxiana[6]

1270s

Year	Date	Event
1270		Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat[6]
1271		Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq dies and Kaidu takes control of the Chagatai Khanate, installing Negübei as puppet khan[6]
1275		Chagatai Khanate gains Ghazni[9]
1276		Chagatai Khanate secures control of Almaliq[9]

1280s

Year	Date	Event
1282		Kaidu enthrones Duwa as khan of the Chagatai Khanate[6]
1286		Chagatai Khanate secures control of the Tarim Basin[9]

1290s

Year	Date	Event
1291		Chagatai Khanate raids Ilkhanate[10]
1292		Chagatai Khanate raids India[9]
1295		Chagatai Khanate secures control of Turpan and Hami[9]
1298	winter	Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate defeats Yuan forces in Mongolia and captures Temür Khan's son in law, Körgüz[11]

14th century

1300s

Year	Date	Event
1301	September	Kaidu–Kublai war: Duwa and Kaidu suffer injuries in battle with Yuan forces east of the Altai Mountains and Kaidu dies soon after[12]
1304		Temür Khan, Chapar Khan of the House of Ögedei, and Duwa of the Chagatai Khanate send envoys to the Ilkhanate to establish peace and restore unity among Mongols; Chagatai Khanate becomes a Yuan tributary[12]
1306		Temür Khan sends Külüg Khan to aid Duwa in his war against Chapar Khan[13]
1307		Chapar Khan is defeated and Duwa installs his brother Yangichar as puppet[13]
		Duwa dies and his son Könchek succeeds him[10]
1308		Könchek dies and Taliqu, a Muslim grandson of Büri, succeeds him[10]
1309		Kebek, son of Duwa, murders Taliqu and enthrones his brother Esen Buqa I[10]

1310s

Year	Date	Event
1312		Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni[10]
1316		Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate[13]
1318		Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Esen Buqa I dies and Kebek succeeds him[13]

1320s

Year	Date	Event
1326		Kebek dies and his brother Eljigidey succeeds him[10]
1328		Chagatai Khanate invades India, reaching as far as Delhi[10]

1330s

Year	Date	Event
1330		Eljigidey is deposed by his brother Duwa Temür[14]
1331		Duwa Temür is deposed by his brother Tarmashirin, who converts to Islam[14]
1334		Rebels discontent with the conversion to Islam killTarmashirin, who is succeeded by Buzan, his nephew[14]
1335		Buzan is overthrown by his cousin Changshi[14]
1338		Changshi is murdered by his brother Yesun Temur, who succeeds him[14]
		Black Death strikes the Chagatai Khanate[14]

1340s

Year	Date	Event
1342		Yesun Temur is deposed by 'Ali-Sultan[14]
1347		Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur is defeated by Amir Qazaghan, who sets up Danishmendji, an Ögedeiid prince, as puppet khan; effective end of the united Chagatai Khanate[14]
		The Chagatai Khanate is split in two, with Amir Qazaghan taking control of the western portion (Transoxania) and Tughlugh Timur the eastern portion (Moghulistan)[14]
1348		Transoxania: Danishmendji is killed by Amir Qazaghan, who enthrones Bayan Qulï as khan[15]

1350s

Year	Date	Event
1350		Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur gets circumsized and becomes a Muslim[16]
1351		Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan attacks the Kart dynasty and sacks Herat[15]
1357		Transoxania: Amir Qazaghan is assassinated and his son Abdullah succeeds him[15]
1358		Transoxania: Abdullha had Bayan Qulï killed, angering Hajji Beg, Timur's uncle, the lord of Kesh, who drove him into exile and his death[15]

1360s

Year	Date	Event
1360	March	Moghulistan: Tughlugh Timur invades Transoxania and forces Hajji Beg to retreat to Khorasan; where he is assassinated at Shindand; Timur becomes head of the Barlas clan due to the death of Hajji Beg[17]
1363		Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur invade and take Transoxania from Moghulistan; while fleeing Ilyas Khoja learns of his father Tughlugh Timur's death[18]
1364		Transoxania: Amir Husayn and Timur enthrone Khabul Shah[18]
1365		Moghulistan: Ilyas Khoja invades Transoxania and lays siege to Samarkand but is forced to retreat after his army is hit by an epidemic[19]
1368		Moghulistan: Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat murders Ilyas Khoja and usurps the title of khan[20]

1370s

Year	Date	Event
1370	10 April	Transoxania: Timur crowns himself king in Balkh after defeating Amir Husayn and enthrones Suurgatmish as khan, killing Khabul Shah[21]
1375		Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan, devastating the Ili region, to which Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat responds by invading Fergana and ambushing Timur, who barelly escapes[22]

1380s

Year	Date	Event
1388		Transoxania: Timur declares himself sultan and enthrones Sultan Mahmud as khan after Suurgatmish dies[23]
1389		Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan reaching almost Turpan and defeating Khizr Khoja[24]

1390s

Year	Date	Event
1390		Transoxania: Timur invades Moghulistan and drives Qamar-ud-din Khan Dughlat into hiding, enabling Khizr Khoja to gain control of the region[25]
1397		Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja's daughter marries Timur[25]
1399		Moghulistan: Khizr Khoja dies and his son Shams-i-Jahan succeeds him[25]

15th century

1400s

Year	Date	Event
1400		Transoxania: Timur sends his grandson Mirza Iskander to invade Moghulistan, seizing Aksu and Khotan[26]
1402		Transoxania: Sultan Mahmud dies; effective end of the Western Chagatai Khanate[23]
1408		Shams-i-Jahan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan[25]

1410s

Year	Date	Event
1415		Muhammad Khan is succeeded by his brother Naqsh-i-Jahan[25]
1418		Naqsh-i-Jahan is succeeded by Uwais Khan[27]

1420s

Year	Date	Event
1421		Uwais Khan is succeeded by Sher Muhammad[28]
1425		Shah Rukh sends his son Ulugh Beg to invade Moghulistan and defeats Sher Muhammad; Uwais Khan becomes ruler of Moghulistan again[28]
1429		Uwais Khan is killed by Satuq Khan; two factions supporting his sons Esen Buqa II and Yunus Khan go to war with Esen winning[29]

1430s

Year	Date	Event
1433		Moghulistan recovers Kashgar from the Timurid Empire[29]

1450s

Year	Date	Event
1451		Esen Buqa II raids the Timurid Empire; in response Abu Sa'id Mirza lends Yunus Khan troops to occupy Moghulistan near the Ili River, splitting the western portion into what would come to be known as the Yarkent Khanate[30]

1460s

Year	Date	Event
1462		Esen Buqa II dies and is succeeded by his son Dost Muhammad[30]
1469		Dost Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son Kebek Sultan[30]

1470s

Year	Date	Event
1472		Kebek Sultan is assassinated, leaving Yunus Khan sole ruler of Moghulistan[30]
1473		Ming–Turpan conflict: Yunus Khan occupies Hami[31]
1479		Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat rebels and takes possession of Yarkand, defeating Yunus Khan twice[31]

1480s

Year	Date	Event
1482		Ming–Turpan conflict: Hami is retaken by Qanšin[32]
1484		Taking advantage of the conflict between Umar Shaikh Mirza II and Sultan Ahmed Mirza, Yunus Khan occupies Fergana and Sayram[31]
1484		Ahmad Alaq founds the Kyrgyz Khanate[33]
1486		Yunus Khan dies and is succeeded by his sons Ahmad Alaq (Turpan Khanate) and Mahmud Khan (Yarkent Khanate)[32]
1488		Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan defeats a Timurid invasion[34]
		Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq kills Qanšin and takes control of Hami[34]
1489		Ming–Turpan conflict: Engke Bolad retakes Hami[34]

1490s

Year	Date	Event
1493		Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq captures Šamba and occupies Hami[34]
1497		Ming–Turpan conflict: Ahmad Alaq abandons Hami[34]
1499		Turpan Khanate: Ahmad Alaq seizes Kashgar and Yengisar from Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat[32]

16th century

1500s

Year	Date	Event
1502		Muhammad Shaybani captures both Ahmad Alaq and Mahmud Khan in battle[34]
1503		Turpan Khanate: Muhammad Shaybani releases the Moghul khans but Ahmad Alaq dies soon after and is succeeded by his son Mansur Khan[34]
1508		Yarkent Khanate: Mahmud Khan is defeated by his nephew Sultan Said Khan, flees to Muhammad Shaybani, who executes him[34]
1509		Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat captures Kashgar[35]

1510s

Year	Date	Event
1513		Ming–Turpan conflict: Kara Del submits to Mansur Khan[36]
1514		Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan overthrows Mirza Abu Bakr Dughlat and takes all of his territory, ruling it in his own right; so ends the unified Moghulistan[35]
1517		Ming–Turpan conflict: Mansur Khan launches raids into the Ming dynasty[36]

1520s

Year	Date	Event
1529		Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan invades Badakhshan[37]

1530s

Year	Date	Event
1533		Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Said Khan dies while trying to invade Tibet and is succeeded by his son Abdurashid Khan - during his reign he loses the northern pastures to nomads[36]

1540s

Year	Date	Event
1543		Makhdum-i-Azam dies and his sons create the Aq Taghliq and Qara Taghliq religious orders[38]
1545		Turpan Khanate: Mansur Khan is succeeded by his son Shah Khan[36]

1550s

Year	Date	Event
1558		Yarkent Khanate: Kazakh Khanate invades but is repelled[39]

1560s

Year	Date	Event
1565		Yarkent Khanate: Abdurashid Khan is succeeded by his son Abdul Karim Khan[40]

1570s

Year	Date	Event
1570		Turpan Khanate: Shah Khan dies and is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Khan ibn Mansur Khan; records don't mention much of the Turpan Khanate after this[36]

1590s

Year	Date	Event
1593		Yarkent Khanate: Abdul Karim Khan is succeeded by his brother Muhammad Sultan[40]

17th century

1610s

Year	Date	Event
1610		Yarkent Khanate: Muhammad Sultan is succeeded by his son Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan[39]
1619		Yarkent Khanate: Shudja ad Din Ahmad Khan is assassinated and succeeded by Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan[39]

1630s

Year	Date	Event
1631		Yarkent Khanate: Abd al-Latif (Afak) Khan is succeeded by his nephew Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan)[39]
1636		Yarkent Khanate: Sultan Ahmad Khan (Pulat Khan) is overthrown by Abdallah (Moghul Khan)[39]

1650s

Year	Date	Event
1655		Yarkent Khanate: Yarkent becomes a tributary of the Qing dynasty[38]

1660s

Year	Date	Event
1667		Yarkent Khanate: Abdallah (Moghul Khan) is overthrown by his son, YuIbars Khan[41]

1670s

Year	Date	Event
1670		Yarkent Khanate: Yulbars Khan is overthrown and his uncle Ismail Khan is enthroned[41]
1678		Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: Ismail Khan drives out to the Aq Taghliq Khoja Afaq Khoja, who seeks help from the 5th Dalai Lama, who in turn writes a letter to the Dzungar Khanate for help.[42]

1680s

Year	Date	Event
1680		Dzungar conquest of Altishahr: The Dzungars invade and kill Ismail's family. Abd ar-Rashid Khan II is installed as ruler.[41]
1682		Riots break out, forcing Abd ar-Rashid Khan II to flee; his brother Muhammad Imin Khan succeeds him[43]

1690s

Year	Date	Event
1693		Muhammad Imin Khan invades the Dzungar Khanate but is overthrown by Afaq Khoja, whose son Yahiya Khoja is enthroned[43]
1695		Afaq Khoja and Yahiya Khoja are killed in a rebellion[43]
1696		Akbash Khan is enthroned but the begs of Kashgar refuse to acknowledge him. Dzungar troops are brought in by Akbash to enforce his rule. However the Dzungars install Mirza Alim Shah Beg; so ends the Yarkent Khanate and Chagatai rule[44]

See also

• Timeline of the Yuan dynasty
• Timeline of the Ilkhanate
• Timeline of the Golden Horde
• Timeline of Mongolian history
• Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire