Toksun County

Not to be confused with Xinhe County, Xinjiang.

Toksun County^[4][5][6][7] is a county in Turpan, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.

Toksun County توقسۇن ناھىيىسى (Uyghur) 托克逊县 (Chinese) Tuokexun, T'o-k'o-hsün
County
Location of Toksun County (red) within Turpan City (yellow) and Xinjiang
Toksun County Location of the seat in Xinjiang Show map of Xinjiang Toksun County Toksun County (China) Show map of China
Coordinates: 42.7833°N 88.6333°E / 42.7833; 88.6333
Country	China
Autonomous region	Xinjiang
Prefecture-level city	Turpan
County seat	Toksun Town
Township-level divisions	7 towns, 1 township
Area [1][2]
• County	16,561 km2 (6,394 sq mi)
• Urban	29.7 km2 (11.5 sq mi)
Population  (2020)[3]
• County	134,235
• Density	8.1/km2 (21/sq mi)
• Urban	36,891
• Urban density	1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
• Major ethnic groups	Uyghur - 76.5%[2]
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard[a])
Postal code	838100
Website	tkx.gov.cn (in Chinese)

Toksun County
Uyghur name
Uyghur	توقسۇن ناھىيىسى‎
Transcriptions Latin Yëziqi Toqsun Nahiyisi Yengi Yeziⱪ Toⱪsun Naⱨiyisi SASM/GNC Toksun Nahiyisi Siril Yëziqi Тоқсун Наһийиси
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	托克逊县
Traditional Chinese	託克遜縣
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Tuōkèxùn Xiàn Wade–Giles Tʻo¹-kʻo⁴-hsün⁴ Hsien⁴

Name

The term 'Toksun' means 'ninety'.^[8][9]

History

The Battle of Toksun took place in this county in July 1933 when Khoja Niyas Hajji, a Uighur leader, defected with his forces to Governor Sheng Shicai. He advanced to Toksun via Dawan Ch'eng, where the Chinese Muslim forces of General Ma Shih-ming achieved victory over Niyas Hajji's forces.^[10]

In December 2010, Zeng Lingquan (曾令权), who ran an adoption agency for the physically and mentally disabled with no operation license in Sichuan, was arrested. Zeng reportedly sent the mentally ill to work in a factory run by Li Xinglin (李兴林) where they were enslaved and worked year round (instead of seasonally as with other local factories) in unsafe conditions at the Jia'ersi Green Construction Material Chemical Factory (佳尔思绿色建材化工厂) in Kümüx.^[11][12]

In 2017, Radio Free Asia reported that a police officer in Toksun County had said that all Uyghurs who wished to travel abroad were required to attend political indoctrination education organized by the county government.^[13]

Geography and Climate

Toksun County's location in the bottom of the Turpan Depression and an average rainfall of just 3.9 mm (0.15 in) annually, the least precipitation of any area in China,^[4] make it a very hot place during summertime. On July 31, 1964, the highest recorded temperature was 53.3 °C (127.9 °F), which is the highest reliable temperature, recorded during standard conditions anywhere in China.^{[citation needed]} The county is bordered to the south by Yuli County.

Climate data for Toksun, elevation 50 m (160 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	12.4 (54.3)	18.6 (65.5)	32.2 (90.0)	42.0 (107.6)	44.3 (111.7)	48.0 (118.4)	47.6 (117.7)	47.4 (117.3)	41.3 (106.3)	35.1 (95.2)	21.9 (71.4)	13.1 (55.6)	48.0 (118.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−2.0 (28.4)	7.3 (45.1)	18.1 (64.6)	27.5 (81.5)	33.5 (92.3)	38.6 (101.5)	40.0 (104.0)	38.2 (100.8)	32.1 (89.8)	22.6 (72.7)	10.6 (51.1)	0.0 (32.0)	22.2 (72.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−7.9 (17.8)	0.3 (32.5)	10.7 (51.3)	20.1 (68.2)	26.1 (79.0)	31.4 (88.5)	32.6 (90.7)	30.4 (86.7)	23.7 (74.7)	14.0 (57.2)	3.7 (38.7)	−5.5 (22.1)	15.0 (59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−12.4 (9.7)	−5.6 (21.9)	3.9 (39.0)	13.2 (55.8)	19.0 (66.2)	24.4 (75.9)	25.7 (78.3)	23.4 (74.1)	16.7 (62.1)	7.7 (45.9)	−1.3 (29.7)	−9.6 (14.7)	8.8 (47.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−19.8 (−3.6)	−17.1 (1.2)	−11.6 (11.1)	0.0 (32.0)	5.4 (41.7)	11.6 (52.9)	14.6 (58.3)	10.8 (51.4)	4.4 (39.9)	−3.5 (25.7)	−18.2 (−0.8)	−21.8 (−7.2)	−21.8 (−7.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.5 (0.02)	0.0 (0.0)	0.5 (0.02)	0.4 (0.02)	0.4 (0.02)	2.1 (0.08)	2.0 (0.08)	1.5 (0.06)	0.7 (0.03)	0.8 (0.03)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.01)	9.2 (0.37)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.5	1.5	1.9	1.7	0.7	0.3	0.1	0.5	8.4
Average snowy days	2.4	0.5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.9	4.8
Average relative humidity (%)	60	43	29	26	26	29	33	36	39	47	52	61	40
Mean monthly sunshine hours	152.8	191.6	248.7	276.5	319.1	304.3	299.9	298.6	282.2	255.8	186.8	140.2	2,956.5
Percentage possible sunshine	52	63	66	68	70	67	65	71	77	77	65	50	66
Source: China Meteorological Administration[14][15]

Climate data for Kumishi Town, Toksun County, elevation 922 m (3,025 ft), (1991–2020 normals)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−4.2 (24.4)	3.5 (38.3)	13.5 (56.3)	22.6 (72.7)	28.3 (82.9)	32.9 (91.2)	34.8 (94.6)	33.7 (92.7)	27.8 (82.0)	18.7 (65.7)	7.5 (45.5)	−2.0 (28.4)	18.1 (64.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−12.2 (10.0)	−4.7 (23.5)	5.1 (41.2)	14.1 (57.4)	20.2 (68.4)	25.2 (77.4)	27.0 (80.6)	25.6 (78.1)	19.4 (66.9)	10.0 (50.0)	−0.3 (31.5)	−9.3 (15.3)	10.0 (50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−18.6 (−1.5)	−12.3 (9.9)	−3.8 (25.2)	5.0 (41.0)	11.3 (52.3)	16.8 (62.2)	18.8 (65.8)	16.9 (62.4)	10.5 (50.9)	1.7 (35.1)	−7.3 (18.9)	−15.5 (4.1)	2.0 (35.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	1.2 (0.05)	0.8 (0.03)	1.4 (0.06)	3.1 (0.12)	6.5 (0.26)	12.9 (0.51)	16.2 (0.64)	10.2 (0.40)	4.2 (0.17)	3.6 (0.14)	1.0 (0.04)	0.7 (0.03)	61.8 (2.45)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.7	0.9	0.8	1.5	2.5	5.1	6.8	4.6	2.3	1.2	0.8	1.2	29.4
Average snowy days	4.6	1.9	0.6	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1.2	4.7	13.3
Average relative humidity (%)	66	55	34	28	28	32	36	34	35	42	55	66	43
Mean monthly sunshine hours	189.0	199.5	245.4	268.1	299.6	286.2	287.2	291.7	282.0	260.5	198.8	169.0	2,977
Percentage possible sunshine	64	66	65	66	66	63	63	69	77	78	69	60	67
Source: China Meteorological Administration[14][15]

Administrative divisions

Toksun County is divided into 7 towns (بازىرى / 镇)^{[1][8]: 34 [16][17]} and 1 township (يېزىسى / 乡):

Name	Simplified Chinese	Hanyu Pinyin	Uyghur (UEY)	Uyghur Latin (ULY)	Administrative division code	Notes
Towns
Toksun Town	托克逊镇	Tuōkèxùn Zhèn	توقسۇن بازىرى‎	Toqsun baziri	650422100
Kümüx Town	库米什镇	Kùmǐshí Zhèn	كۈمۈش بازىرى‎	Kümüsh baziri	650422101
Kokjay Town[18]	克尔碱镇	Kè'ěrjiǎn Zhèn	كۆجەي بازىرى‎	Köjey baziri	650422102	Also Ke'erjian, Köjey; formerly Kujiayi (库加依镇)
Alghuy Town	阿乐惠镇	Ālèhuì Zhèn	ئالغۇي بازىرى‎	Alghuy baziri	650422103
Yilanlik Town[9]	伊拉湖镇	Yīlāhú Zhèn	يىلانلىق بازىرى‎	Yilanliq baziri	650422104	Also Yilahu, Yilanliq, I-la-hu; formerly Yilanlik Township (يىلانلىق يېزىسى[19] / 伊拉湖乡)
Shah Town	夏镇	Xià Zhèn	شاھ بازىرى‎	Shah baziri	650422105	formerly Shah Township (شاھ يېزىسى[20] / 夏乡)
Bostan Town	博斯坦镇	Bósītǎn Zhèn	بوستان بازىرى‎	Bostan baziri	650422106	formerly Bostan Township (بوستان يېزىسى / 博斯坦乡)
Townships
Gholbuyi Township	郭勒布依乡	Guōlèbùyī Xiāng	غولبۇيى يېزىسى‎	Gholbuyi yëzisi	650422201

Economy

Irrigation in the county is well-developed. Agricultural products of the county include sorghum, wheat, muskmelon, peanuts and cotton. Specialty products include Hami melon and raisins. Industries include electronics, coal, machinery, construction, etc.^[21]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
2000	102,150	—
2010	118,221	+1.47%
[16]

The proportion of nationalities in Toksun County
Nationality			Percentage
Uyghurs			79.6%
Han People			13.9%
Hui People			6.2%
Kazakhs			0.2%
Others			0.1%
Source of the population statistics :[22]

As of 2015, 96,439 of the 124,040 residents of Toksun County were Uyghur, 18,600 were Han Chinese, 8,539 were Hui and 462 were from other ethnic groups.^[23]

According to a 2002 estimate, it then had a population of 110,000.^{[citation needed]}

As of the 2000 Census, the county counted 52,346 males and 49,804 females and 83.65% of the population of the county were from ethnic minority groups.^[24]

As of 1999, 77.03% of the population of Toksun County were Uyghur and 15.51% of the population was Han Chinese.^[25]

Transportation

• China National Highway 312
• China National Highway 314^[21]
• Southern Xinjiang railway

Notable persons

• Tömür Dawamat

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Toksun:

• 
  Map including Toksun (labeled as Tukson) (1917)
• 
  Map including Toksun (labeled as T'O-K'O-HSÜN) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (DMA, 1975)
• 
  From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Toksun (DMA, 1982)
• 
  Map including Toksun (DMA, 1990)

Notes

1. Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.