Tokyo Metro Tozai Line

The Tokyo Metro Tozai Line (東京メトロ東西線, Tōkyō Metoro Tōzai-sen) is a rapid transit line in Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. Its name translates to "East-West Line". The line runs between Nakano in Nakano-ku, Tokyo and Nishi-Funabashi in Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture. The Tōzai Line was referred to as Line 5 during the planning stages; the seldom-used official name is Line 5 Tōzai Line (5号線東西線, Go-gō-sen Tōzai-sen). The line carries an average of 1,642,378 passengers daily (2017), making it the busiest line on the Tokyo Metro network.^[1] On maps, diagrams and signboards, the Tōzai Line is shown using the color "sky blue" and its stations are given numbers using the letter "T".

Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
A Tozai Line 15000 series train
Overview
Other name(s)	T
Native name	東京メトロ東西線
Owner	Tokyo Metro
Line number	5
Locale	Tokyo, Chiba prefectures
Termini	Nakano or Mitaka Nishi-Funabashi or Tsudanuma or Toyo-Katsutadai
Stations	23
Color on map	Sky blue (#009BBF)
Service
System	Tokyo subway
Operator(s)	Tokyo Metro
Depot(s)	Fukagawa, Gyōtoku
Rolling stock	Tokyo Metro 05/05N series Tokyo Metro 07 series Tokyo Metro 15000 series Tōyō Rapid 2000 series JR East E231-800 series
Daily ridership	1,642,378 (2017)[1]
History
Opened	23 December 1964; 60 years ago (1964-12-23)
Technical
Line length	30.8 km (19.1 mi)
Number of tracks	Double-track
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Minimum radius	200 m (660 ft)
Electrification	1,500 V DC (overhead line)
Operating speed	100 km/h (62 mph)
Train protection system	New CS-ATC
Maximum incline	4.0%
Route map Legend JC Chūō Line (Rapid) JB01 Mitaka Through service JB07 JB Chūō–Sōbu Line 0.0 T01 Nakano JBJC E Toei Ōedo Line 2.0 T02 Ochiai Kanda River Yamanote Line Seibu Shinjuku Line 3.9 T03 Takadanobaba JY F Fukutoshin Line 5.6 T04 Waseda 6.8 T05 Kagurazaka Y Yūrakuchō Line │E Ōedo Line N Namboku Line Imperial Palace moat JBJC Chūō–Sōbu Line Chūō Line (Rapid) 8.0 T06 Iidabashi 8.7 T07 Kudanshita S Shinjuku Line   Palace Z Hanzōmon Line moat   9.7 T08 Takebashi Palace moat │Z Hanzōmon Line 10.7 T09 Ōtemachi I Mita Line C Chiyoda Line M Marunouchi Line JO Sōbu Line (Rapid) JC Chūō Line (Rapid) JY Yamanote Line Tōhoku Shinkansen Z Hanzōmon Line 11.5 T10 Nihombashi G Ginza Line A Toei Asakusa Line 12.0 T11 Kayabachō H Hibiya Line Kamejima River Sumida River Ōshima River Kawanishi tributary E Toei Oedo Line 13.8 T12 Monzen-Nakachō Heikyū River 14.9 T13 Kiba Dai-Yoko River Sōbu Main Line │ Fukagawa Depot and workshop 15.8 T14 Tōyōchō Shiohama Canal JR Freight Sōbu Main Line Etchūjima Freight Branch 17.0 T15 Minami-Sunamachi   Arakawa River Arakawa-Nakagawa Bridge Naka River 19.7 T16 Nishi-Kasai 20.9 T17 Kasai Old Edo River Tokyo Chiba 22.8 T18 Urayasu 24.0 T19 Minami-Gyōtoku 25.5 T20 Gyōtoku 26.8 T21 Myōden Gyōtoku Depot Edo River 28.9 T22 Baraki-Nakayama Shinma River 30.8 T23 Nishi-Funabashi JB30 JM Musashino Line TR01 TR Tōyō Rapid Railway Line JB33 Tsudanuma Chūō–Sōbu Line │ Sōbu Line (Rapid) TR09 Tōyō-Katsutadai

Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line train pulling into Waseda Station in 2015

Overview

The line runs through central Tokyo from east to west via Takadanobaba, Waseda, Ōtemachi, Nihombashi, Kiba and Urayasu. It was opened as a bypass route for the Chuo Rapid Line and the Sobu Line, which were heavily congested at the time. It is the only Tokyo Metro line to extend into Chiba Prefecture (although the Shinjuku Line operated by Toei also extends into Chiba Prefecture.) It also runs above-ground for 14 km (8.7 mi) from Minami-Sunamachi to Nishi-Funabashi, nearly half of the line and longer than any other railway line in the Tokyo subway network.

The Tōzai Line features through services at both ends of the line. Trains run onto the JR East Chūō-Sōbu Line for Mitaka at the western (Nakano) end, and onto either the Chūō-Sōbu Line for Tsudanuma or the Tōyō Rapid Railway Line for Tōyō-Katsutadai at the eastern (Nishi-Funabashi) end.

According to the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation in 2018, the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line continues to be most crowded subway line in Tokyo, and the most crowded train line in all of Japan, with its peak running at 199% capacity^[a] between Kiba and Monzen-Nakachō stations.^[2][3] Women-only cars were introduced on the line for use during morning rush hour on November 20, 2006.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, peak ridership dropped from a rate of 199% in 2019 to 123% in 2020.

History

The Tōzai Line was planned by a review committee of the then Ministry of Transportation in 1962 and numbered Line 5. Its name literally means "East-West Line", and it was primarily planned to relieve traffic on the busy Sōbu Main Line as well as provide a straight crosstown connection through north-central Tokyo. Although this corridor is also served by the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei) Shinjuku Line and JR Keiyō Line, the Tōzai Line continues to operate beyond capacity due to its accessibility to other lines, as well as to growing condominium developments in eastern Tokyo.

The Takadanobaba to Kudanshita section opened in 1964,^[4] and the remainder opened in stages until its completion in 1969. Through service with the then Japanese National Railways (today part of the JR Group) – a first for a Tokyo subway line – began in 1969 connecting the Chūō and Sōbu lines. This is a rare situation in Tokyo, as the only other subway line with through services onto JR lines is the Chiyoda Line.

The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, effectively an eastward extension of the line, opened in 1996. It nevertheless remains a private entity to which the Tōzai lines offers through services.

Chronology

• March 16, 1966: The line is extended at both ends. It now runs between Nakano and Takebashi.
• April 28, 1966: Through service to the Chūō Line of JNR commences as far as Ogikubo.
• October 1, 1966: Takebashi to Ōtemachi section opens.
• September 14, 1967: Ōtemachi to Tōyōchō section opens.
• March 29, 1969: Tōyōchō to Nishi-Funabashi section opens and Rapid service begins (non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi).
• April 8, 1969: Through service on the Chūō Line is extended to Mitaka, and through service begins on the Sōbu line to Tsudanuma.
• April 8, 1972: Through service on the Sōbu Line is withdrawn except during rush hours.
• 1975: Another type of Rapid service is introduced, calling at Urayasu between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi.
• October 1, 1979: Nishi-Kasai station opens.
• March 27, 1981: Minami-Gyōtoku station opens.
• 1986: Commuter Rapid service is introduced, running non-stop between Urayasu and Nishi-Funabashi.
• (April 1, 1987: JNR is privatised. The Chūō and Sōbu lines become the property of JR East.)
• 1996: The Rapid service that runs non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi ceases.
• April 27, 1996: Tōyō Rapid Line opens between Nishi-Funabashi and Tōyō-Katsutadai. Through service begins.
• January 22, 2000: Myōden station opens.
• April 1, 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA or Eidan) becomes Tokyo Metro.^[5]
• November 20, 2006: Women-only cars are introduced during morning rush hours.

Services

The Tōzai Line was the first Tokyo Metro line on which express services run: two types of rapid trains skip some stations east of Toyocho. The Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line began services on June 14, 2008, and also features express services.

Through services to Mitaka via the JR East Chūō Line and Tōyō-Katsutadai via the Tōyō Rapid Railway run all day. Outside of rush hours, only local trains run through to the Chūō Line and only rapid trains run through to the Tōyō Rapid Railway. During the morning and evening peak periods, through services run to Tsudanuma via the JR East Sōbu Line.

Station list

• Local trains stop at every station. Rapid trains stop at stations marked "●" and do not stop at those marked "｜". Some weekday westbound trains do not stop at stations marked "↑".

No.	Station	Japanese	Distance (km)		Comm. Rapid	Rapid	Transfers	Location
			Between stations	From Nakano
↑ Through-services to/from Mitaka via the JB Chūō-Sōbu Line ↑
T01	Nakano	中野[* 1]	–	0.0	●	●	JB Chūō-Sōbu Line JC Chūō Line (Rapid)	Nakano	Tokyo
T02	Ochiai	落合	2.0	2.0	●	●		Shinjuku
T03	Takadanobaba	高田馬場	1.9	3.9	●	●	F Fukutoshin Line (Nishi-waseda: F-11) JY Yamanote Line Seibu Shinjuku Line
T04	Waseda	早稲田	1.7	5.6	●	●	Toden Arakawa Line (Waseda)[* 2]
T05	Kagurazaka	神楽坂	1.2	6.8	●	●
T06	Iidabashi	飯田橋	1.2	8.0	●	●	N Namboku Line (N-10) Y Yūrakuchō Line (Y-13) E Ōedo Line (E-06) JB Chūō-Sōbu Line	Chiyoda
T07	Kudanshita	九段下	0.7	8.7	●	●	Z Hanzōmon Line (Z-06) S Shinjuku Line (S-05)
T08	Takebashi	竹橋	1.0	9.7	●	●
T09	Ōtemachi	大手町	1.0	10.7	●	●	M Marunouchi Line (M-18) C Chiyoda Line (C-11) Z Hanzōmon Line (Z-08) I Mita Line (I-09)
T10	Nihombashi	日本橋	0.8	11.5	●	●	G Ginza Line (G-11) A Asakusa Line (A-13)	Chūō
T11	Kayabachō	茅場町	0.5	12.0	●	●	H Hibiya Line (H-13)
T12	Monzen-Nakachō	門前仲町	1.8	13.8	●	●	E Ōedo Line (E-15)	Kōtō
T13	Kiba	木場	1.1	14.9	●	●
T14	Tōyōchō	東陽町	0.9	15.8	●	●
T15	Minami-Sunamachi	南砂町	1.2	17.0	●	|
T16	Nishi-Kasai	西葛西	2.7	19.7	●	|		Edogawa
T17	Kasai[6]	葛西	1.2	20.9	●	|
T18	Urayasu	浦安	1.9	22.8	●	●		Urayasu	Chiba
T19	Minami-Gyōtoku	南行徳	1.2	24.0	↑	|		Ichikawa
T20	Gyōtoku	行徳	1.5	25.5	↑	|
T21	Myōden[6]	妙典	1.3	26.8	↑	|
T22	Baraki-Nakayama[6]	原木中山	2.1	28.9	↑	|		Funabashi
T23	Nishi-Funabashi	西船橋[* 3]	1.9	30.8	●	●	TR Tōyō Rapid Railway Line JB Chūō-Sōbu Line JM Musashino Line
↓ Through-services to/from Tōyō-Katsutadai via the TR Tōyō Rapid Railway Line ↓ or ↓ Through-services to/from Tsudanuma via the JB Chūō-Sōbu Line ↓

1. Nakano is shared by Tokyo Metro and JR East; JR East manages the station.
2. Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei stations are displayed on station maps as being distant from one another, and they are not announced as transfer points for one another.
3. Nishi-Funabashi is shared by Tokyo Metro, Tōyō Rapid Railway, and JR East; JR East and Tokyo Metro manage the station.

Rolling stock

Present

Tōzai Line trains are 10-car formations of 20-meter (65 ft 7 in)-long cars, with four doors per side and longitudinal seating. The maximum operating speed is 100 km/h (62 mph). Newer trains feature wide doors to allow for faster boarding times.

• Tokyo Metro
  • 05/05N series (since 1988)
  • 07 series (since 2006) (transferred from Yūrakuchō Line)
  • 15000 series (since 2010)
• Tōyō Rapid Railway
  • 2000 series (since 2004)
• East Japan Railway Company (JR East)
  • E231-800 series (since 2003)

• 
  Tokyo Metro 05 series
• 
  Tokyo Metro 05N series
• 
  Tokyo Metro 07 series
• 
  Tokyo Metro 15000 Series
• 
  Toyo Rapid 2000 series
• 
  JR East E231-800 series

Past

• Tokyo Metro
  • 5000 series (from 1964 until 2007)
  • 8000 series (from 1987 until 1988, temporary, built for Hanzōmon Line)
• JR East
  • 301 series (from 1966 until 2003)
  • 103-1000 series (from 1989 until 2003)
  • 103-1200 series (from 1971 until 2003)
• Tōyō Rapid
  • 1000 series (from 1996 until 2006)

• 
  5000 series with stainless steel body
• 
  5000 series with aluminium body
• 
  JR East 301 series in February 2003
• 
  JR East 103–1200 series
• 
  Tōyō Rapid 1000 series in September 2006

Depots

05N series EMU at Fukagawa Workshop

Fukagawa Depot, April 2021

• Fukagawa Depot (深川検車区)
• Gyōtoku Depot (深川検車区行徳分室)
• Fukagawa Workshop (深川工場)

Notes

a. ^ Crowding levels defined by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:^[7][8]

100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.

150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.

180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.

200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.

250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.