Troctomorpha

Troctomorpha is one of the three major suborders of Psocodea (formerly Psocoptera)^[1][2](barklice, booklice, and parasitic lice), alongside Psocomorpha and Trogiomorpha. There are more than 30 families and 5,800 described species in Troctomorpha.^[3][4][1] The order includes parasitic lice, which are most closely related to the booklice family Liposcelididae.

Troctomorpha Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Burmacompsocus perreaui (Compsocidae)
Liposcelis (Liposcelididae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Psocodea
Suborder:	Troctomorpha Roesler, 1944
Infraorders[1]
Amphientometae Amphientomidae Compsocidae †Electrentomidae Manicapsocidae Musapsocidae Protroctopsocidae Troctopsocidae Nanopsocetae Liposcelidae Pachytroctidae Sphaeropsocidae Phthiraptera (lice)

Cladogram

Cladogram showing the position of Troctomorpha within Psocodea:^[5]

Psocodea	Troctomorpha Phthiraptera Philopteridae Anoplura Rhynchophthirina Trichodectidae Amblycera Liposcelididae Pachytroctidae Sphaeropsocidae Amphientometae Psocomorpha Homilopsocidea Caeciliusetae Psocetae Epipsocetae Philotarsetae Archipsocetae Trogiomorpha Atropetae Psyllipsocetae Prionoglaridetae (paraphyletic)

Schizophthirus pleurophaeus

Fossil record

The oldest record of the suborder is suggested to be Paramesopsocus adibi, known from the Late Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan.^[6][7]

Classification

Troctomorpha contains the following subgroups:^[1]

• Infraorder: Amphientometae
  • Family: Amphientomidae Enderlein, 1903 (tropical barklice)
  • Family: Compsocidae Mockford, 1967
  • Family: Electrentomidae Enderlein, 1911
  • Family: Manicapsocidae Mockford, 1967
  • Family: Musapsocidae Mockford, 1967
  • Family: Protroctopsocidae Smithers, 1972
  • Family: Troctopsocidae Mockford, 1967
• Infraorder: Nanopsocetae
  • Family: Liposcelididae Broadhead, 1950 (booklice)
  • Family: Pachytroctidae Enderlein, 1904 (thick barklice)
  • Family: Sphaeropsocidae Menon, 1941
  • Parvorder: Phthiraptera
    • Superfamily: Amblycera
      • Family: Ancistronidae
      • Family: Boopiidae Mjoberg, 1910
      • Family: Colpocephalidae Eichler, 1937
      • Family: Gliricolidae
      • Family: Gyropidae Kellogg, 1896
      • Family: Laemobothriidae Mjoberg, 1910
      • Family: Menoponidae Mjoberg, 1910 (chicken body lice)
      • Family: Pseudomenoponidae Mjoberg, 1910
      • Family: Ricinidae Neumann, 1890
      • Family: Somaphantidae Eichler, 1941
      • Family: Trimenoponidae
      • Family: Trinotonidae Eichler, 1941
    • Superfamily: Anoplura
      • Family: Echinophthiriidae Enderlein, 1904 (seal lice)
      • Family: Enderleinellidae Ewing, 1929
      • Family: Haematopinidae Enderlein, 1904 (ungulate lice)
      • Family: Hamophthiriidae Johnson, 1969
      • Family: Hoplopleuridae Ewing, 1929 (armoured lice)
      • Family: Hybothiridae Ewing, 1929
      • Family: Linognathidae Webb, 1946 (pale lice)
      • Family: Microthoraciidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
      • Family: Neolinognathidae Fahrenholz, 1936
      • Family: Pecaroecidae Kéler, 1963
      • Family: Pedicinidae Enderlein, 1904
      • Family: Pediculidae Leach, 1817 (body lice, head lice)
      • Family: Polyplacidae Fahrenholz, 1912 (spiny rat lice)
      • Family: Pthiridae Ewing, 1929 (crab lice or pubic lice)
      • Family: Ratemiidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
    • Superfamily: Ischnocera (paraphyletic)
      • Family: Bovicolidae
      • Family: Dasyonygidae
      • Family: Goniodidae
      • Family: Heptapsogasteridae
      • Family: Lipeuridae
      • Family: Philopteridae Nitzsch, 1818 (paraphyletic)
      • Family: Trichodectidae
      • Family: Trichophilopteridae
    • Superfamily: Rhynchophthirina
      • Family: Haematomyzidae Enderlein, 1904