Union affiliation by U.S. state

Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017

  20+%

  15–19.9%

  10–14.9%

  5–9.9%

  0–4.9%

Union affiliation by U.S. state (2024)^[1][2]

Rank	State	Percent union members	Percent change	Union members	Percent represented by unions	Percent change	Represented by unions	Total employed	Right to Work
1	Hawaii	26.5	2.4%	147,000	27.5	1.9%	153,000	556,000	No
2	New York	20.6		1,706,000	21.9	0.4%	1,814,000	8,278,000	No
3	Alaska	17.7	2.9%	53,000	19.5	4.3%	58,000	300,000	No
4	Connecticut	16.5	0.6%	269,000	17.8	0.9%	291,000	1,634,000	No
5	New Jersey	16.2	0.1%	682,000	17.4	0.1%	730,000	4,197,000	No
6	Washington	16.0	0.5%	548,000	18.3	0.2%	627,000	3,432,000	No
7	Oregon	15.9	1.8%	292,000	17.5	2.5%	321,000	1,835,000	No
8	Massachusetts	14.6	2.0%	496,000	15.6	2.0%	513,000	3,397,000	No
9	Rhode Island	14.5	2.2%	73,000	15.3	2.1%	77,000	500,000	No
10	California	14.5	0.9%	2,381,000	16.3	0.6%	2,678,000	16,399,000	No
11	Vermont	14.3		42,000	15.8	0.4%	47,000	297,000	No
12	Minnesota	14.2	0.9%	379,000	14.8	0.7%	394,000	2,668,000	No
13	Michigan	13.4	0.6%	581,000	14.7	0.6%	639,000	4,346,000	No
14	Maine	13.1	3.9%	77,000	15.3	4.5%	89,000	585,000	No
15	Illinois	13.1	0.3%	734,000	14.2	0.6%	798,000	5,615,000	No
16	Nevada	12.1	0.4%	166,000	13.4	1.1%	183,000	1,367,000	Yes
17	Ohio	12.1	0.4%	621,000	13.3	0.2%	685,000	5,147,000	No
18	Montana	11.9	0.1%	56,000	13.1	0.1%	62,000	474,000	No
19	Pennsylvania	11.7	1.2%	666,000	12.4	1.8%	708,000	5,706,000	No
20	Maryland	11.4	0.7%	325,000	13.4	0.6%	382,000	2,851,000	No
21	District of Columbia	10.6	1.5%	38,000	11.7	1.3%	42,000	362,000	No
22	New Hampshire	9.2	0.1%	62,000	10.6	0.3%	72,000	678,000	No
23	Indiana	9.0	1.0%	271,000	10.4	1.3%	313,000	2,999,000	Yes
24	Kentucky	8.8		156,000	11.2	0.1%	197,000	1,761,000	Yes
25	West Virginia	8.8	0.1%	61,000	10.0	0.1%	70,000	699,000	Yes
26	Missouri	8.6	0.7%	234,000	9.3	1.1%	255,000	2,734,000	No
27	Delaware	8.5	0.3%	37,000	8.9	1.2%	39,000	435,000	No
28	Colorado	7.7	0.8%	206,000	8.0	0.6%	214,000	2,671,000	No
29	New Mexico	7.5		63,000	8.8	0.3%	73,000	834,000	No
30	Iowa	7.2	0.8%	93,000	8.8	0.5%	119,000	1,437,000	Yes
31	Nebraska	6.8	0.5%	62,000	8.1	1.3%	74,000	913,000	Yes
32	Alabama	6.6	0.9%	140,000	7.8	0.8%	165,000	2,110,000	Yes
33	Wisconsin	6.4	1.0%	180,000	6.9	1.5%	196,000	2,819,000	Yes
34	Kansas	6.3	2.6%	83,000	8.0	2.6%	105,000	1,309,000	Yes
35	Wyoming	5.6		14,000	6.7	0.1%	17,000	249,000	Yes
36	Oklahoma	5.3	1.5%	91,000	6.2	1.5%	106,000	1,713,000	Yes
37	Mississippi	5.2	1.8%	59,000	7.9	1.9%	90,000	1,129,000	Yes
38	Virginia	5.2	0.9%	207,000	5.7	0.1%	229,000	3,997,000	Yes
39	Florida	5.1	0.4%	462,000	6.3	0.2%	569,000	9,086,000	Yes
40	Idaho	5.0	0.5%	43,000	5.9	0.4%	50,000	850,000	Yes
41	North Dakota	5.0	1.2%	18,000	6.3	1.2%	23,000	366,000	Yes
42	Tennessee	4.7	1.3%	136,000	5.6	1.3%	264,000	2,923,000	Yes
43	Texas	4.5		603,000	5.4		716,000	13,345,000	Yes
44	Louisiana	3.9	0.4%	69,000	5.2	0.2%	86,000	1,765,000	Yes
45	Georgia	3.8	0.8%	174,000	4.4	1.0%	203,000	4,619,000	Yes
46	Utah	3.7	0.4%	58,000	7.8	0.6%	122,000	1,558,000	Yes
47	Arizona	3.7	0.5%	118,000	4.5	0.3%	144,000	3,183,000	Yes
48	Arkansas	3.5	1.6%	45,000	4.4	1.4%	56,000	1,265,000	Yes
49	South Carolina	2.8	0.5%	61,000	4.1	1.1%	89,000	2,163,000	Yes
50	South Dakota	2.7	0.9%	12,000	3.7	0.5%	16,000	431,000	Yes
51	North Carolina	2.4	0.3%	108,000	3.1	0.2%	142,000	4,555,000	Yes
—	United States	9.9	0.1%	14,255,000	11.1	0.1%	16,023,000	144,522,000	N/A

See also

• United States portal
• Organized labor portal

• International comparisons of labor unions
• Labor unions in the United States
• Right-to-work law